INDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948) Agelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES INDIA KIPHELKHAP MA HUNA SUKTE UKPITE TANGTHU (1730 – 1948) Agelh ~ H. Pau Za Cin, MES

Zomite i Galvan, Galhiam.
Photo Credit : The Chin Hills. by Bertram S. Carey & H. N. Tuck 1896

A sunga om thute i thulu’te :
Thumasa:      
KAIH MANG, SUKTE UKPI MASA PENPEN (1730-1800)
KHAN THUAM, SUKTE UKPI THUPIPEN (1800-1840)
Khan Thuam’ Neulai Thu:
Tagah Khan Thuam Kisimmawh:
Khan Thuam’ Thah a Kisawmna:
Khan Thuam neulai-a a mang matte:
Khan Thuam galtaina:
Zahau gama Rallang khua beel:
RALLANG KHUA A KAM HAU NEULAI      
TEDIM KHUA LE TEDIM LAMLIANPI
KAM HAU IN TEDIM AH UKPI SEM, SUKTE UKPI PICING PEN
TEDIM PAU LEH LAI HONG PIANGKHIA
TEDIM KHUASUNG VAIHAWMNA
SUKTE LE MEITEITE KIDONA (1835-1857)
TEDIM KISIM NA     
TEDIM AH KIALPI TUNG:
1857 MEITEI GAL NAN’NA  
Ukpi Kam Hau hunsunga a ciamtehhuai thute:
KAMHAU TAPA TUMPEN KHAW CIN UKNA
GAL LE SA DONA LE NAN’NA:
SUKTE- MEITEITE KIDONA((1871 – 1874)
SUKTE LE LUSHEITE KIDONA(1871 – 1872)     
Sukte in Tonsim(Champhai) simin zo: 
MEITE TE’N TEDIM SIMKIK(1878)
SUKTE - MEITEI ZANGDUNG AH KILEMNA
KAM HAU TUPA HAU CIN KHUP, KSM; TDM; ATM; VD, SUKTE UKPI MINTHANG PEN(uk 1891-1926)
PAU CIN HAU’ BIAKNA LE LAIMAL PIANKHIATNA
Tanglai te kidemna DOKHEN:
Chin Labour Corps:
Siah Kaihna:
HAU CIN KHUP TAPA PUM ZA MANG, KSM IN UKPI SEM 
TONGLAWN(P) HAUSA   PUMZAKHAM IN TONZANG INNPITE LA A PHUAH PAWLKHAT

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Thumasa:
Chin Hills saklam(Nothern Chin Hills) gam leitangah Kam Hau gam le Sukte gam ci-in Sukte ukna pen kum 1730 – 1948 dong  a om hi. Nidangin Khamtunggama (Chin Hills sung) Zo mite sungah ukna gamkhen tuamtuam na om a, Haka Gam, Falam Gam, Sukte Gam, Kamhau Gam, Sihzang Gam cih bangin beh leh phung leh minam zuiin ukna tuam ciat na nei uh hi. Tanglai-in khuasung khat peuh ah a thahat, a hangsan le pil a thuah mi khat peuhpeuh hausa a suak pahpah hi. Tua hausapa in khuaveng khuapamte do-in a zawh peupeuh khuate ama gam suakin siahtung siahphei a kai  hi. Tua a zawh khuate tungah ukna le aana nei ahih mah bangin tua hausapa pen Ukpi  a suak  ziau hi. Sukte mite pen Manipur le Mizoram leitangah kum 1877 kum a kipanin a tengta uh hi. Khaw Cin  uk hunsungin  gal kidona bekbek ahih manin Chin Hills panin gal muan zawk na mun deihin Manipur leitangah Sukte mite 1877 kum a kipanin pemkhiat kipan uh a, Manipur Maharajah in Moirang kiim le kiangah mun pia-in Lungthul tangah zong Pau Hau Sukte kiangah tenna ding gam a pia hi.

India kumpi in 1956 kumin Sukte pen India nisuahna gam Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, le Meghalaya state te ah Tribe khatin a ciamteh hi.
   
KAIH MANG, SUKTE UKPI MASA PENPEN (1730-1800)
Sukte hausa le Ukna pen Mualbem khua panin kipan masa pen hi. Cin Thang in hausa sem masa penpen a, tua khit ciangin Kaih Mang in a zom hi. Tedim Sub.Division sungah Sukte ukna sawt pen, thupi pen le a tawpna pen zong ahi hi. Sukte ukna in Tedim Sub.Division sung khempeuh khua tawm khatte cih loh buang  Kawlgam in Suahtakna a ngah kum 1948 dong Sukte in a uk uh hi. Tedim gam sungah 1730 masiah a hun hunin Suante Mang, Thawmte Mang leh Guite Mang na khang a, Tedim gam sungah siah tuamtuam – mim siah, taang siah, tuuk tha, khaal tha, tuuk an, khaal an, inn zangsial lamsa, inn saliang, gam saliang, tuikuang tui siah, cih bangin na kai uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Mualbem khua Sukte hausa a sem Kaih Mang hong hatin khua khat pan khua khat na sim kawikawi a, a zawhna khuate-ah siah kai-in uk pahpah ahih manin Sukte Mang hong suak hi. Tua ahih manin Sukte beh hausa lak panin Mualbem hausa Kaih Mang in Dakdung, Dimpi, Dimlo, Saizang khuate pan siah tuamtuam na kai masa ahih manin Sukte Ukpi masapenin kiciamteh hi. A ma’ khit ciangin Khan Thuam Sukte in a mimuan le a zat phat mahmah Hauh Tuang’ huhna tawh maang 9te sawmsimna  panin suakta in thuneihna le a vangliatna khang semsem hi. A thusiamna le makaih siamna tawh beh le phung tuamtuamte ama khutnuai ah a koih hi. A veng hausa Za Haute tawh kilemin saklam gam Manipur gamgi ciang dong a uk hi. Khan Thuam huzapna nuai-ah beh le phung tuamtuamte in bitna le muanna a ngah uh hi. Amah pen Mikangte hunma a Zomi makaih siampen a kiciamteh ahi hi.
KHAN THUAM, SUKTE UKPI THUPIPEN (1800-1840)

Khan Thuam’ Neulai Thu:
Tedim gam sunga om Sukte gamah nidanglai pekpekin Khul leh Ciim kici gam khat om hi. Tua gamah nupi Lam Dim(Guite) khat om a, tualai panin Mualbem khua-ah lal a, tapasal khat a nei hi.Tua khua ah  a pasal  Mang Kim a si hi. A tapa a tangval ciangin nupinu in a tapa tawh Mualbem khua panin Tumang khua, Paakzang khua, Sianzang khua khawngah lal kawikawi-a, Sianzang khua panin Luika khua a tung hi. Hih khua-ah a tapa in zi a nei hi. Tua khua-ah a suan a khakte tawh simin inn 30 a pha uhi.

Tua laitakin Luika khua khung suanghawmpi sungah gulpi vom ngiainguai  khat a om hi. Luika khua mite in tua khua-ah a teen ua kipan tua gulpi a bia uhi. Inn 30 hong phak ciangin tua gulpi-in a ui khawi a ak-khawite uh leh a vok, a keel khawite uh neksak zelzel a a naupangte nangawn uh zong neksakin Luika khua mite in a thuak zawh nawnloh uh ciangin gulpi thah ding a vaihawm uh hangun a that zo kei uh hi. Khuapih tangval teng va pai uh a, gul kuavangah khau thangsiahin gulpi a awk hi. Tu tawh, hei tawh, molhtum tawh sat-huan gawp uh a tua  gulpi a si hi. A khua zangun gulsa sehsatin hawm uh a, innkuan khat in bak khat tekin a tang uhi. Khuapihte in a satak ngah uh a, tua meigong nutate in a lutang a ngah kha uh hi. Nitak lup  kuan ciangin tua gul lutang a huan uhi. A lup ding uh ciangin a tapa kiangah, “Na sa huan va en dih in, a min dek hiam”? ci-in a sawl hi. A tapa in a va etleh gulmit mit phia laplapin a mu hi. A nuta-un lamdangsa mahmah uh a, a mei phat pha lai-in, a sa-a so damdam ciangin a lupsan uhi.

A zan ciangin nupi nu mang sungah pasal khat in, “Na ta tawh zingsang khuavak ma-in hih khua panin paikhia un; mencim ding a, hih khua men  in vukcip ding hi.” a ci hi. A khanlawh ciangin nupinu in a tapa phong a, “Ka mang nuam kei lua, taikhia mengmeng ni,” ci-in Luika khua pan khuavak ma-in taikhia uh a, Bangzang khua a tung uhi.
          
Tua nutate taikhiat khit phetin huihpi guahpi nung a, mencim in Luika khua a vukcip hi.Mi khempeuh si khin uhi. Tua nupinu leh a tapa, Bangzang khua pan taikhia leuleu uh a, Mualbem khua a tung uhi. Mualbem khua panin a tapa in zi khat nei kik leuleu a, tapasal khat a nei hi. A ta min Sukzo a phuak hi. Tua Sukzo suanlekhak tu leh tate panin Sukzo ta Mang Tun, Mang Tun ta Mang Cin, Mang Cin ta  Mang Piang, Mang Piang’ ta Ngai Neek , Ngaineek ta  Zam Thuk, Zam Thuk ta Mang Kim, Mang Kim’ ta  Khan Thuam ahi hi. Mang Kim zi pen Mualbem khua mi Kap Ciin ahi hi. Khan Thuam a neulai-in a pa in sihsan a, a nu  tawh meigong tagahin a om uhi. 1750 kum pawlin hong khangin tangvalno thapha litlet khatin hong khangkhia hi.    B.S. Carey le H.N. Tuck tawh mi pawlkhat kiholimna panin bel, Sukte pen Ciimnuai khua panin Mualbem khua zuana a paisukte Sukte kici hi, a ci uh hi. Sukte pen mimal min hi loin mi pawlkhat(group) min hi, a ci uh hi.Bawmkhai(SB)te in zong  tua mah a meilet uh hi.
Tagah Khan Thuam Kisimmawh:
            Khan Thuam pen tagah khat ahih mah bangin a khat a khatin simmawhin a lawmte tawh a kimawl na ah suangtang khat in Limkhai hausa Zel vum a pusa bia ding a pai kimlai a lutang a kha hi. A lawmte in Khan Thuam ngawh pong mawkin vok tuk 3 sagih liau dingin hausa upate in a khensat uh hi. Khan Thuam in a liau ding bangmah nei lo ahih manin Zel Vum sila a suak hiau zen hi. Guite hausa  Pau Hau in zong ‘ka lo a anne Khan Thuam hi’ci pong mawkin saliang veilam tawh to a kaisak hi.

Khan Thuam in Kaih Mang te pata’ it theih nading le ama nuntakna a bit theih nading ngimna -in Kaih Mang tanu Gawh Ciin a tenpih sawm hi. Kaih Mang in zong ama ukna a kip theihna ding le a hutpih dingin a tanu Khan Thuam a dingin a phal hi. Khan Thuam pen tangval thahat le minthang ahih manin Gawh Ciin in zong itin pupa ngeina tawh a kiteng uh hi.Tua hinapi, Khan Thuam in tapa Kam Hau le Pau Kam a neih khit ciang nangawnin a sunghpa’ muhdahna, huatna le elnate beituan lo hi. Khan Thuam a sungpa sangin pilzaw le hatzaw ahih manin a sunghpa Kaih Mang in, ni khat ni ciangin hong lumlet khading cih launa le hazatna a nei  na hi gige khong hi !
    
Khan Thuam’ Thah a Kisawmna:
Sial a cintheih hun laitak pawlin a lawmte khempeuh sangin a tha a ngal kitawi-in hatzaw-a, zong a pilzaw hi. Tua bangin a minthan ciangin a lawmte’n a haza mahmah uhi.Mualbem khua-ukpa Kaih Mang in haza-ahihmanin a tapa Thuam Kam tawh a kibuan sak zel hangin Khan Thuam in a zo den hi.

Kaih Mang in Khan Thuam that dingin a silapa Do Tuang sawlin a kibuan uhleh Khan Thuam in zo-in a temta tawh Do Tuang a dawtlum hi. Vangteh khua hausa Pau Hau in Khan Thuam that nuam ahih manin Tonh lamna ah guapi ham khat met siangin sathau tawh zutin a dawnah voksa bak khat  koihin  tua guapi dawna voksa ne dingin le a bungbuletin  kumsuk kikin a phunga zu beltung khat leihsa-a om a kham dong teep dingin thu a pia hi. Tua bang a a om zawh kei leh thah dingin a gen hi.

Khan Thuam thahat ngalhat ahih manin a cihbang lianin a hih zo hi. Ni khat, Pawite in Mualbem sim ding cih thu a gingsak uh hi. Galte in Mualbem a sim sim-un Tualmu mualdung zui den uh ahih manun Khan Thuam tua lamah gal pangsakin a tapa Thuam Kam pen galte tot ngei lohna lam Tuangkenglei a kicingsak hi. Galte in Tualmu mualdung hong zui takpi uh a, Khan Thuam in galte na nawhzo ahih manin  Tuangkenglei lam manawhin galte a tai uh hi. Tua lai-ah galte in Thuam Kam nakpitakin vua uh ahih manin a si hi. Khan Thuam pen galte antah ding le thahlup ding a kingaihsun pen gal zo-in hong ciah hinapi hausate le upa vaihawmte na lungdam het lo uh hi. Khan Thuam gualzawhna in mipite muanna liansak semsem a, Thuam Kam sihna in  hausate lungliapsak pha mahmah hi.
Khan Thuam hatna leh hangsanna, mi tampitak in haza-in thah ding a sawm zel hangun a that zo mahmah kei uhi. Hong gol semsem ciangin kikihta semsem a, a khuapihte khempeuh in Khan Thuam thuthu-in a gamta uhi. Tua hunlai-in a thatang hat peuhpeuh in  khua-ukin Maang sem pahpah uhi. Mualbem khua uk  Kaih Mang leh khuakim khua paam mang 9 te in, nidang ciangin Khan Thuam in amau zo ding a, hong uk kha ding hi, cih lau uh ahihmanin Khan Thuam thahlup dingin a sawm uhi.

Tua mang 9 te:
1.    Saizang hausa                  Vungh Vial, Gualnam
2.    Vangteh hausa                  Tun Kam, Guite (Pau Hau’ tapa)
3.    Lamzang hausa                Mang Sum Guite(Pum Go’ tapa)
4.    Mualbem hausa                Kaih Mang Sukte
5.    Lophei hausa                    Do Mang,
6.    Kalzang hausa                  Ciangphut, Suante
7.    Thuklai hausa                    Suan Thuk(Sumniang)
8.    Khuasak hausa                 Go Mang, Suantak
9.    Buanman hausa                Hang Kam

(Hih Mang 9 te in suamlum zo loin a nungsang ciangin amau teng nuaisiah kik ahihmanin Khan Thuam pen ‘Mang 9 suan’ kici hi.)

Khan Thuam neulai-a a mang matte:
1.    Mupi bangin vanlai zawlah ka leng a, ka baw ka thakkhiat leh mual 9 zelin a pak phiakphuak hi.
2.    Ka mangin bel lianpi sungah hong kihuan a, ka so damdam hi. So phalua kisa-in nga veitak ka phullet gawp hi. Tua khit ciangin ka so dai pian a, a bel gei tawh ka kikim hi. Tua zawh ciangin hong kihuanna  ka tui a kangcip ta hi.
    
Khan Thuam in a ihmut na pan a khanlawh ciangin a mang a Nu a hilh pahleh a Nu in kuamah kiangah gen sawn peuhmah lo dingin a kho hi. Ahi zongin, mite in a nung theih veve uh hi. Paunak in “ mailam thupiang dingte kithei khol hi” a cih bang ahi hi. A mang masa pen bel, Tedim gama Maang 9 te tungah thu nei ding cih lim hi a, a 2 na pen leuleu bel Tedim gambup a hausa khempeuh tungah thu nei ding a, hunkhat ciangin a vang bei ding cihna hi.
1.Khan Thuam galtaina:
Maang 9te in Khan Thuam a sawm huan ciangun lau-in gal tai a, a zi a tate tawh Phuaizang Guite kici Tuimual ah Mang Khaw Lian’ nu a va beel hi. Tua lai panin Tedim ah Kam Lian Guite beelin a tai leuleu uh hi. Tedim ah galte sawmsimna thu a zak ciangin Khuangnung hausapa Manlun beh Lang Za a va bel hi. Maang 9te sawltak mi 5te tawh  Lang Za innah a kituntuah kha citciat uh hi. Lang Za in na sel man ahih manin a muzo kei uh hi. Lang Za in Khan Thuam kiangah, ‘ Khan Thuam aw, hih bangin omom lecin nang genloh kei a dingin zong lau huai ding ahih manin gungal a Rallang va beel mai in,’ ci-in a bilah khipi bahsakin,lumletei, namsau’ sakhau le zu-uum a guan hi. Ta na neih uh ciangin kei hong tamsak un,” a cih bang teekin Khan Thuam in a  tate Za khai, Za Pau le Za Niangte a tamsak pah hi. Kam Hau in zong a tapa Za Tual a tamsak  hi. Lang Za in Maang 9te sawmsimna pan na selsim zo lo hi zenzen leh tu a Sukte ukna, a diakdiakin Khan Thuam khanggui kizom lo ding hi. Lang Za in Khan Thuam a galte ahi maang 9te mat nading pan na selsim zo lo hi zenzenleh  tu a Sukte Ukna, adiakdiakin Khan Thuam’  khanggui kizom lo ding hi.

Zahau gama Rallang khua beel:
            Hausa Lang Za sawlna bangin Khan Thuam a zi a tate tawh Rallang gama Khuang Ceu beel dingin a tai hi. Maang 9te’ sawltakte in a delh lam Khan Thuam in galmuh sim ahih manin a lawmpa Sawh Tun a lum puasakin, ka dailen suak  in kong nungdelh ding hi na pai masa in, a ci hi. Khan Thuam in galte panna lam peelin gunpika dong a taisuakpah vingveng hi. Galte in Sawh Tun pen Khan Thuam sa-in teipi tawh khawhin  Tokpi phungah  a si hi. A hih loh lam a theih ciangun galte in  gunpika khang ciang dong a delh uh hi. Khan Thuam a  gal kah nadingin gam khaugui lenin a kiluai leh  a nungdelhte in a khaugui sattat a, amah’n a khau khah loin a luai teitei ciangin a galkhat lam a tung thei hi. Lui pang panin a gal a om a galte hih la a sakkhum hi:

(a)  Pham in, pham in nong cih hang phamna bang lo e,
Lennang tuum thang hek sang zong kei zang zaw’ng e.

(b)  Tangkhau lelah baak bang kai siam lei vang,
Ciau-i galah phuaizang bang dak lei veng e.

            Khan Thuam in Zahau gam a Rallang khua a tun ciangin a zi a tate, a teipi le a lum tawi lai tawh kimtakin tunpih ahih manin a lungdam mahmah hi. A teipi le a lum banah a zuthawl puak nampuan tawh a kituam itna le kipiakkhiatna lahna-in hausapa Khuang Ceu aapin bukna a ngah thei hi. Upate paunak khat in’ “ Gul  inn lut kithat a, mi inn lut kithat lo hi” na ci hi. Khan Thuam pen mite’ demzawh loh, thahat, gal do siamin a min kidawk mahmah a, Khuang Ceu in galdo makaipi-in zang a, na pibawl mahmah hi.

            Khan Thuam in hih bangin la khat a phuak hi:
(a)  Khua kiim a gualva pau te’n
Bu-al bang get ding ci e

(b)  Ka nuam lo e Lun vontawi hi’ng,
Ka siallum tawh Daltui ah zin bang khang ing e
          
Saklam Chin Hills Tedim gam le Falam gam a hausa khempeuh in Khan Thuam pen a kihta giugiau den uh hi. Vaihawm le gal siam ahih mah bangin Khuang Ceu in ama ukna sungah  Egypt kumpi Pharoah in Israel  tangvalno Joseph thuneihna a piak bangin  Khan Thuam’ tungah thuneihna le Vaihawmna a len sak hi.
RALLANG KHUA A KAM HAU NEULAI
Zahau Gam a Rallang khua ah Kam Hau a khangkhia hi. Kam Hau pasalpha khat ahih manin hausapa Khuang Ceu sial le zangsial a cing ding khatin a kiseh uh hi. Rallang ah Kam Hau in minphatna a tuamtuam hih bangin a nei hi:

1.Khuasungah Do Khen a kici mi khat in uital hang mahmah khat a nei hi. Hausa Khuang Ceu in khangnote  kiangah Do Khen huangsunga ak khat a man zo a om leh minphatna piak ciat ding a ci hi. Tua ui hang kihta-in khangnote kuamahin a man zo a om loh laitakin Kam Hau in sa them khat tua ui pia masa-in tua khit ciangin ak khat a man ziau hi. Khangnote le mite in Kam Hau ngian siamna lamdang sa-in minphatna tawh sim zahtak a thuah ciat uh hi. Kawl Phung a kici mi khat in sial hang pha mahmah khat nei-in kuamah a puapial ngam a om loin singpua tuitawi le lo kuan ngam a om kei uh hi. Khuasung a dai zikzek hi. Khuamite in puksih ding bek a ngak uh hi. Tua cih laitakin, Kam Hau in mipite khualna in tua sial that dingin a kuan khia hi.Lau het loin a taltang ngimin a kap leh tuk valvalin a si hi. Kam Hau in a khe le a mei tanin Hausapa inn a tun hi. Hausate le mipi khempeuh lungdam in a awng ngeingai uh hi. Khuang Ceu in a kamciam bangin Kam Hau pen a galkap mang lianpenin a koih pah hi. Gamsial a thah khit ciangin a lauhuai pha mahmah Ngalkhat khat a beng leuleu hi. Kuamah gam kuan ngam le lo kuan ngam a om kei hi. Kam Hau in sawlbawk khat bawltawmin tua sungah a  pang sim hi. Ni khat tua ngalkhat hong pusuakin Kam Hau in a teipi tawh a khawh leh a si hi. Mipite Kam Hau tungah lungdam semsem uh hi. Khuasungah khatveivei mi mang thei hi. Mimangtea zonzon hang-un khat beek a muzo kei uh hi. Dawite mat hi ding hi, ci-in khuang tawh zam tawh mipi in a zong ngeingai uh hi. Ni khat Kam Hau le hausapa naupa Khup Za “Lengpuikhupmun”a kici keen sang pha mahmah khatah gam keel beng dingin a kuan na lamuah ganhing namkhat sahang tawh a kibang pian khat in mi khat taal kaihin kawhawm sungah a lutpih lai a mu uh hi. Tanglai pulepate upna ah mihingte’n keitui a dawn khak le sahang suak kici hi.Tua bang sahang pen  “ Tawmi “ kici hi. Mihing bangin pau thei a, mihing sa pen a ann lim pen ahi hi. Kam Hau in a kongah na pangpahin hong pusuak takin a taltang tak na kapin kawldang a kidenna suk hi. Kam Hau tunga Rallang mipite’ lungdamna kibehlaplap ahih manin, “awng ziahziahin, ‘Kam Hau I gam hong hupa hi, Kam Hau damsawt in, I gam hong hupa hi,’ ci-in taal a zawngin Rallangah a pua uh hi.

Kam Hau in Phuaizang Guite hausa  Mang Kam’ tanu Ciin Ngul ngai ahih manin a zi dingin a pisak uh  hi. Ciin Ngul  a pi-ni un meiilum lom khat in nungzuih,  kici hi. Rallang hausapa Khuang  Ceu in Zahau ngeina tawh a thupi thei penin lopsak hi.

Rallang ah kum 10 bang a ten khit ciangin Ni khat, Khan Thuam in a tapa Kam Hau kiangah a neulai  a  simmawhna le  mang 9 te’n  thah a sawmna thu a zasak hi. Kuamah tungah gitlohna le hausate tungah bangmah a poi sem kha ngei lo ahih thu zong a gen hi. Hinapi-in maang 9 ten a thah sawm mawk uh pen a lungsim ah mangngilh thei lo hi.  A tapa Kam Hau kiangah, “ Pasian leh I pu le pate Khate in hong huh lo hizenzen leh mulkimnhuaitak a si khin ding ka hi,” a ci hi. Khan Thuam in Za Hau gama hausate khempeuh “ Bawiphun”  le  Khuasung upate samkhawmin a neulai thu a hilh hi. Hausate’n  zong  khasiatpihin  heh mahmah uh a, a galdo na peuhah huh ding a thukim diam uh  hi. Ni khat Falam Ukpi Khuang Ceu thukimpihna tawh Khan Thuam leh a tapa Kam Hau in amau a notkhia Maang 9 te a ban sim uh hi. Khan Thuam in amah a thahsawm ngei a makai a sungpa Kaih Mang  ong kipiakkhiat kei leh  Mualbem sim ding hi cih thu a gingsak hi. Kaih Mang in hih thu a zak ciangin kihta pha mahmah ahih manin khuasung upa vaihawmte le khuamite kaikhawm mengmengin kipiakkhiat ding a ngaihsun uh hi. Kamtai sawlin, hong sim kei unla, Mualbem nong tun kik ciangin nang’ thuthu in ka om ding uh hi.Gal le savai ah zong kong huh tawntung ding uh hi,” ci sak hi. Tua thu hangin Khan Thuam in Mualbem sim nawn lo-in Mualbem sim nawn lo-in Kaih Mang in a makpa Khan Thuam galsimna peuhah huh ahih manin Vangteh, Dimpi, Dimlo, Saizang, Phaileng, Kalzang a kipan Leitawhtan leh Tuanlui kikal teng simin zo a, a tapa nihna Pau Kam pen Phaileng, Dimpi, Dimlo le Kalzang hausa dingin seh a Phaileng pen a khuapi ding a hisak hi. Khan Thuam in  Vangteh khua panin gatmat 93 nei in Limkhai galkapte in 7 bek a man uh hi.Vangteh hausa ‘ Pau Hau Saliang’ tawh kisai-in Khan Thuam in hih la a phuak hi:

     a)    A mi sawmsial ka lut mah leng tang e
Pau Hau sawmsial a ka lut mah leng tang e

     b)    Zang kawlni in a suahna pel ngei lo a
Pau Hau Sawmsial a ka lut mah leng tang e

A khiatna: Nidangin Pau Hau’ saliang kici ganhing khe li hausapa pia ing; Vangteh khua ka zawhtak teh a kibang saliang hausapa’n kei hong pia hi” cihna hi.

Khan Thuam in a galmat 93 te inn a ciahpih ciangin a gualzawhna le a galte a zawhna pawi a bawl ni –in hih la a phuak hi:

a) Zaangtui kaihdial teng in ci e
Ka nuam lo, Lun’ ta hi’ng e;

b) Ka zua cialdawh  cial tam tungah,
Khaimu kha tawh heek ing e

Tua banah Saizang, Guite hausate Lamzang, Phuaizang, Hiangzung le Losau zo-in a zawhna khuate pan siah a kai hi. A tapa thumna Gawh Pau pen Saizang pansanin  Lamzang, Phuaizang, Hiangzung le Losau khuate a uk sak hi.Thuklai le khuasak khuate zong Tashonte makaihin sim uh a a zo uh hi. Hih bang danin Khan Thuam in Maang 9te a banbanin simin a zo vek hi. Khan Thuam pen galhat ahih manin ‘Khan Thuampi’ a ci uh hi.

Gal leh sa launa a then deuh ciangin Rallang pan Mualbemah Kam Hau a zi a tate tawh hong ciah masa hi.  Ahi zongin Khuang Ceu in Khan Thuam pen gal hat le gal siam ahih manin a ciah ding a phal nai kei hi. 1800 kumin Pawi hausate’ thumpihna hangin Khuang Ceu in Khan Thuam kiangah, “kei tunga nong piak siahte kumsimin mantakin hong pia inla, ciah ta in’ ci-in a ciahsak hi. Mualbem a tun zawh sawt loin Kaih Mang si hi. Innluah ding Mang Pau ii hawmna zeekna kicing lo ci ahih manin 1800 kumin Mualbem hausa hihna Khan Thuam a pia hi. Mualbem ah Khan Thuam hong tunkik ciangin a neulai-a a cil gehsak a sawm Guite tungah a lungkim  nai lo hi. Guite tungah phuba lak sawm den ahihlam a kitheih ciangin Tedim, Lamzang, Losau leh Tedim khua gei-a Guite khuate pan Guite damdamin saklam gamgi lamah kikhinin a tamzaw Manipur gam a tung uhi.Tua huna kipan a sih kum 1840 dong Khan Thuam in a tapa Kam Hau tawh Tedim gam huam sunga khuate banbanin simin zo-a, Tedim gam sunga teeng nidanga amau a thah sawm hausate – Guite, Thado, Zo le Vaiphei mite khempeuh saklam Lusei leh Meitei gamgi lamah a khin uh hi. Tua hunin Sukte  Ukna gam in Meitei gam leh Falam gam dong huam ahih manin zai mahmah hi. Khan Thuam in Sukte ukna gam hih bangin la na phuak hi:
Setaang kaihna sak ciang Teimei,
                        Ka hialna Lamtui hi e.
                        Sak ciang Teimei khang ciang
                        Lamtui,
                        A laiah kamkei hi’ng e.
          
Khan Thuam tapa Upapen Za Pau in Mualbem pan ukin, Kam Hau in Tedim pan a uk laitakin Za Pau sangin Kam Hau gal le sa le vaihawmna ah Kam Hau siamzaw, kivazaw-in zong minthangzaw hi. Tua ahih manin Mikang kumpite in  Kam Hau ukna gamteng Kam Hau gam ci a, Sukte gam panin na tuam khensak a, khua 135 a pha hi. Kam Hau ukna sunga tengte Kam Hau mi na ci uh hi. A taktakin cileng, Kam Hau mite le Sukte mite a kibang ahi hi.

TEDIM KHUA LE TEDIM LAMLIANPI
Tedim khua pen gal leh sa in a nawkna gal lampi mualvum tung khat a om ahih mah bangin Gangte, Komte, Zote, Thadote, Guite leh a tuamtuam in satin na teng ngei uh a, ahizongin, Simgal, Zogal, Thado gal, Pawi gal leh Kawl gal in nawk tawntung ahih manin khuamang zelzelin om a,‘ khuam 7 vei kiphut a,tap 7 vei  kiluak’ kici liang hi. Tua ahih manin Tedim khua a sat masa taktak pen gen haksa hi. Tedim khua pen Lamzang gamhuam sunga om hi-in, Gui Gen leh Gui Mang a kipan Mang Sum Guite ciang dong ukna gam ahi hi. Lamzang khua mi a tampen laitakun inn 700 pha kici hi. Tiddim cih pen Mikang gamkeekte in a ciamtehna( Official record) a hi hi.Tedim Road pen bel Japan gal(II world War) lai a Mikang Kumpiten Phaipi(Imphal ) pan  Tedim dong km 265 a pha lamlian a bawl uh’ Tedim Lamlianpi ‘cihna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Lamka pan Tedim km 200 bek  pha cihna hi. Lamka pan Parbung(Tipaimukh Block Hqrts),Churachandpur District km 228 hi a, Lamka pan Parbung sangin Lamka pan Tedim naizaw cihna suak hi.

Mang Sum Guite in Lamzang khua a uk lai-in a vaihawmpih Khoi Lam Hatzaw in  Mangsum hih bangin la khat a phuah hi:

            Lunmang vangkhua haibang ngak ing,
            Aisa semna ka banzal khuai bang geep e

Mang Sum la:
Mawngbang ka pemna peuhah  tonsawl phut ing,                                                                 Dimtui ata simzawng aw hong zo ve aw
KAM HAU IN TEDIM AH UKPI SEM, SUKTE UKPI PICING PEN
Khoi Lam Hatzaw in Lailo khua panin a lawmte   kim Thuam Zilom,  Tel Khaat Thawmte,  Cin Kim Samte,  Gen En Lethil, Pau Am Samte leh  Kai Hen Hatlang te zawnin Tedim khua satin vai a hawm uh hi.Tua hunlai-in Pawi gal hat mahmah ahih manin a kikihta mahmah  hi.Pawi gal launa hangin  Mang Sum Guite in a beh a phung tawh zankhat thu-in Lamzang nusia cih thu Tualzang panin a tupa  Mang Gin in a zak ciangin Tedim hong lut kikin Upate in ‘ Mang Gin aw, koi mahah pai  nawn ke’n, Tedim khua ah hausa  sem suak pah in,’ ci-in a kho uh hi. A ma’n,  “ka zi leh tate Dallang(Rallang) khua ah om lai uh ahih manin ka ciah phot kul ding hi,”a cih tak ciangin  Khoi Lam in,“ Mang Gin aw, sak gal khang gal tam hi, lauhuai lua hi. Ko bek kimuang lo hi ung, koi mah-ah pai nawn ke’n,” ci-in a kho phapha  hi. Khoi Lam in, “ Tua bang ahih leh Tedim khua a kip nadingin bang na ci vaihawm ding ka hi uh hiam?” ci-a  Mang Gin a dot  leh,  Mang Gin in, “Kei lah Dallang ka pai loh phamawh ahih ciangin gal na lau uh leh Mualbem hausa  Khan Thuam’ tapa  Kam Hau na sam un,” ci-in a vaikhak hi Thumu kisa  ahih manun Khoi Lam in   Tel Khaat  Thawmte leh Gen En Lethil sawlin Mualbem hausa Khan Thuam Sukte tapa  Kam Hau Tedim hausa a sem dingin a va kunsak hi. Kam Hau pen vagiah ngai ding a kuan tawh  Mualbem khuamual ah a kituak uh hi.  Kam Hau in, “Pute aw, bang thu a hong pai na hi uh hiam?” ci-a a dot leh Upate in, “Pu Kam Hau Tedim Hausa a sem ding  hong zol ding a Pu Khoi Lam hong sawl hi ung,” ci-in a dawng uh hi. Kam Hau in zong, “ Ka pa in hong phal lo ding hi-in, kei zong a ut lo hong kineih ning in, i  dakbu khat leh i khuang nong puaksak leh pai mah ning, hong ci ning in , hong piak takpi leh pai pah ni,” ci-in a dawng  hi. Khan Thuam kiang a tun uh ciangin  Khan Thuam in zong, “ Tual gal, gamsa gamah  a mangthang lel dingin ka ta hong paisak peuhmah kei ning, “ ci-in na phal lo takpi hi. Hih thu hangin  Khoi Lam in  Khan Thuam hih bangin la a khak hi:

Mual kisung ciiciai ah na thai angah, hautawi lun ta’n tul ta le’ng na ci ai maw?
Kawl heihiam maciang suan a, siallum na nawh dolai lungtup tung bawlai-in a ci ai maw?

Tedim upate in  Khan Thuam innah zu tawh sa tawh nuam sa-in an ne, tui dawnin a duh a deih teng uh la na kiphuahphuah uh hi. Kam Hau vagiah ngai hong tuntak ciangin a ut lo hong kibawl takpi a, “ I dakbu leh i khuang khat nong puaksak leh pai bek ning, pa aw,”  a cih leh a pa in a pai takpi ding um lo lua ahih manin, “I dakbu khat leh i khuang khat pua ve vua leh,” a cih leh Kam Hau in Tedim upate  zui takpi khong hi !( Hatzaw Beh Laibu, 7) Lamzang khua tunpih masa uh a, tua lai-ah tawlkhat a tawldamsak phot uh hi.Hih banga  Kam Hau a kut thapaihna hang uh pen galhat Dallang khuate leh  Kam Hau’ pa  Khan Thuam kilemin zawlin na kiman khin uh ahih manin Tedim hong sim nawn lo pah ding uh  cih lametna leh ngimna(policy) ahi hi. Tedim ah  Kam Hau paito-in hausa a semsak uh hi. Ahi zongin, Zogal leh Thado gal in nawkgawp kikin Tedim khua a hal uh hi. Tua ahih manin  Lamzang khua ah a ciahsuk uh hi. Gal hong ven deuh cianginTedim khua ah lut kikin vaihawm a kipan uh hi Hih bangin Hausa Upabul panmun a kigual pah uh hi:
Kam Hau Sukte           Ukpi-  Chief Minister
Khoi Lam Hatzaw        Thu leh la Vanpi- Home Minister/Chief Justice
Mang Gin Hatlangh     Gal leh sa vai Saipi- Defence Minister/Chief of Army Staff
Pau Vum Sukte           Thuzeekpi/Lai-atpi-Chief Secretary
Kim Thuam Zilom       Sing  le gua Saipi  - Forest Minister
Cin Kim Samte            Khantohna vai Saipi -Development Minister
Pau Am Samte           Antang tuibuk Saipi - Civil Supply Minister
Gen En Lethil              Upabul - Cabinet Minister
Kai En Hatlangh          Upabul - Cabinet Minister
Tel Khaat Thawmte    Upapi  - State Minister

Tedim ah  Kam Hau,  Khoi Lam leh  Mang Gin makai-in vaipi hong hawm tak ciangun tanglai pek pana a kisat zo ngei lo Tedim khua hong kip hi. Amau teng  in thu genkhawmin, nopna, hauhna leh kilemna piang takpi ahihna thu sanggam Vaiphei papi khat la phuahna  panin kitheithei hi:
a)Simthu soi ding Tual Awn’ pa (Khoi Lam)
Do cin tu lu Am Thang’ pa aw (Mang Gin)

b)Do cin tu lu Am Thang’ pa aw
Vannuai lut sial a tun’na Za Tual pa aw (Kam Hau)

            (Mang Gin’ tupa  Col. Khen Za Moong in zong amau teng  thum min manmawh nading leh phawkna dingin Tedim khua sungah mawngkung 3 a suan sak banah  ‘MKK Foundation’(Mang Gin, Kam Hau, Khoi Lam) kici Tedim gamah cidamna lam leh lai pilna lamsang khantohna dingin Committee khat a phuankhia hi. Hih nasepna tawh kisai-in tu ciang tanin ama’ ip sawkin Pu Moong in Kyat lakh 406 takpi Committee khutah a piakhia ta hi.Bank(Ban)ah kikoihin a summet teng zeekin na a kisem ciatciat ahi hi. Mi pawlkhat in zong tha ngah-in sum a pia pawlkhat zong a om hi.

TEDIM PAU LEH LAI HONG PIANGKHIA
            Tedim khua pen kuamah in sim zo nawnlo ahih ciangin a belhtaak khuapi khat hong suak a, a nai a gamla khua tuamtuam panin minam kim pau namkim in hong beel ahih manin inn 300 val hong pha hi. Tedim khua sungah Teizang pau, Dim pau, Zo pau, Sihzang pau, Vaiphei pau leh Thado pau a zang naupangte kikholh khawmna panin tu a Tedim pau a kici pau taang khat hong piangkhia tawm hi. Tedim pau pen a nei tuam om loin Tedim khua sungmah ah kizang pah hi. Tedim gama Missionary Dr. J H Cope in Chin Hills saklam a zat dingin  Sihzang pau tawh lai na bawlin, ahi zongin tel haksa a sa tam ahih manin Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup kiangah bang kam tawh lai bawl ding na deih hiam ? ci-a a dot leh,  Hau Cin Khup in “ Mipite’ deih penpen hi lo ding hiam,” na ci  hi. Tua ahih leh,  ci-in J H Cope in 1919 kumin Tedim khua ah Zogam leilu lam ukpi khempeuh leh hausa pawlkhat banah Sihzang kual, gungal kual, Tonzang kual leh Guite kual khua panin mi khat ta a kaikhawm hi. Cope Topa in a paikhawm Upate kiangah, “ Sihzang pau haksa  sa na hih uh leh bang kam tawh lai bawl ding ihi hiam ?” ci-in dotna a bawl pen hausa a tamzaw in Tedim pau mah kitheikim pen ding hi a cihtak uhteh Tedim khuapi tualsuak pau tawh Tedim Thukizakna cih lai khat a hawmkhia pah hi. Lai Siangtho Thuciam Thak  leh Tedim Labu zong Tedim kam mah tawh a tei pah hi. Nidangin Mikangte’n Tedim Pau pen ‘Kamhau Dialect’  ci-in na ciamteh uh hi.
TEDIM KHUASUNG VAIHAWMNA
Tua hun lai-in Tedim khua sungah minam kim hong kikhop uh ciangun mi a tam mah bangin thu le la zong hong tam mahmah hi.  Khoi Lam in Tedim khua sungah sasem nasep sem a, a beh sungah Tulpi na tawi kawm hi. Gamtat, kampau, zuhawm sahawm zia kibang het loin Dimtat,Teizangtat, Zotat cih mah hong omin, ngeina leh lu heekzia kibang lo ahih manin thukhen haksa a sa mahmah  hi. Tua ahih manin  Khoi Lam in “ Thukhenna haksa, Sim le Sim na kiteng unla, Zo leh Zo na kiteng un,” a ci kha liang hi. Tua huhau-in, mi khempeuh zuih kim theih ding ngeina(bye law) a tuam vilvel khat hong bawl uh a, Tedim Tat(Tedim Ngeina ) kici hi. 1825 kum ciangin ‘Kam Hau Ngeina/Kam Hau Upadi’ ci-in a min khek uh a, phung 1 pan 25 banah tang 1 pan 144 a pha hi. 1925 kumin Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in a puahpha kik hi. Tua upadi pen nam 27 pha a, Mikangte hong khan ciangin zong kizanglai-in tuni dong a zanglai pawl zong ki-om hi.

SUKTE LE MEITEITE KIDONA (1835-1857)
Meitei leh Sukte pen taang a kipanin gal le sa in na kinei den uh hi. Kam Hau hunlai-in Sukte-Kam Hau mite’n Meitei gam na sim thei zelzel uh hi. 1850 kumin Sukte te’n Lawnpi khua sim uh a,  Meitei gam sungah lutin galmat samat tampipi na nei thei z uh hi. Manipur Ukpipa Nur Singh 1850 kumin si hi. Chandrakirti Singh in Ukpi tokhom luahin kum 36(1850-1886) a uk hi. 1850 kumin Sukte-Kam Hau mite’n Burman mite Chidwin Sagaing Division a tengte simin galmat tampi Tedim Innpi, Chin Hills tunpih  uh a, Burman ten’ zong Tedim sim kik leuleu-in ahi zongin a zo kei uh hi. Tua kum mahin Sukte mite’n Manipur phaizang dong a sim thithe uh hi. Maharajah in zadah mahmah ahih manin galkap ding mi tampi khawmin  Thadote in zong mihing 1000 tawh  huhin Za Pau khua Mualbem sim dingin a kithawi uh hi. Sukte in hih thu a zak ciangin Manipur phaizang gamgi leitang ahi  Lawnpi ah gal pangin gal nang dingin a om uh hi. Thadote kiangah thu zasakin Meiteite a huh uh leh sukte mi khat a thah uh leh a vek uh a that ding uh a hih dan a zasak uh hi. Thadote zong lau-in a pangngam kei uh hi. Meiteite in gal lelin tampi si uh a, a taizak na lamun a thaute uh le avui a tangte pawlkhat  a nusia uh hi. Kam Hau mite gual zoin a ciah uh hi. 1854 kumin Manipur Lengpa in  Sukte te sim kikin guallel zelin a nungkik hi.

TEDIM KISIM NA     
1856 kumin Zote in Tedim sim kik dingin Thado le Bunglung khua a Kawlte cialin Tedim luh leuleu uh hi. Tedimte lau-in gamlakah tai-in a bu uh hi. Guite in Tedim khua halgawpin ciahsan uh hi. A galte in Tedim a hal khit uh ciangin Tedimte in a bukna uh panin hong ciah kik uh a, Tedim ah inn a lampha kik uh hi. Tua ciangin galte luhzawh loh dingin Tedim khua kimkotah kan a to uh hi. Zote in Tedim nihvei tak a sim uh ciangin Kam Hau heh mahmah ahih manin nidanga a galtainapa Rallang hausa Khuang Ceu le Ramthlo hausapa Thang Tir a va ko hi. Tua Pawite ukpi tegel in zong galkap tampi tawh hong kuan to-in Zote khua ahi  Vanglai, Tungkhua, Tualzang,Theimual, Thangkhal, Beelpi, Tawtak, Khuadai,Lailui khuate banah Kahgen zong simin a hausanu uh zong manin  Tedim atunpih uh hi.Hausanu pen khua khat man ahi khi tawh kitankhia-in, Zo khua dang 18te zong Kam Hau’ khut sungah a kipiakhia sak hi.
TEDIM AH KIALPI TUNG:
Tedim gamah kum 3 sung kialpi’ Singpitaam’ kici a tung hi. Ukpipa Kam Hau in a saihapak, zampite le sumsan beel tawh anntang kawlpi ah a kheng hi. Tua antangte pen mipite lakah a hawm uh hi. Antang a bei ciangin a neihsa gantate- sial, bawng, lawi, keel, vok le ak tampi tawh antang a kheng leuleun uh hi. Tua ci-in kum 3 sung mipite ann ngawl lo-in a koih uh hi. Mipite tungpana a lak siah tuamtuamte zong tua kial hunsung a ki-awl hi. Tua ahih manin kial a puksi kuamah om lo hi. A upate le mipite lungdam mahmah uh a, Ukpipa om kei zenzen leh kisi mang khin ding, aci uh hi. A hinna uh pen Pasian banah Suktete hi a ci uh hi. Hih teng bang hangin Ukpipa le a upate in Pasian tungah lungdam a ko uh hi.                 

1857 MEITEI GAL NAN’NA
A vang kimin  Kam Hau mite in Meitei gama khua neuneu te va sim leng uh hi. December 14, 1855 ni-in Manipur gam a sim to uh hi. Hih bang thute hangin Manipur Leeng Mangpa Chandrakirti heh pha mahmahin a ha bang gawi gamhgamh thapai hi. 1856 kumin zong Suktete’n Manipur singtang khuate sim kikin zo gawp ahih manin  Chandrakirti om khong thei nawn lo hi. Sukte gal thuak zo nawn loin 1857 January kha sungin Tedim khua sim dingin Meiteite mi 1500 takpi a kuansuk uh hi. Hong kuan lam-un, Innpipa  Kam Hau saihate a tang ding leh  Kam Hau’ zi  Ciin Ngul (Phuaizang Guite)a luppih masa ding  kituh-in  a buai ngeingai uh hi.Hih bang thu a zak phetin  Ciin Ngul khasia mahmahin hih la a phuak pah hi:
a.   Zang vuisai leh ka sakduang, do ta’n sa bang hawm khawm e
            b.   Na awi nam aw ziin aw e, gual  aw e, a lawm nam aw?

Hih thu a zak tak ciangun lung kikhatin Zomite Tedim khua leh khua kiim khua pam, Sukte gam, Kam Hau gam leh Sihzang gam panin hong kikaikhawmin gal nang dinginTedim khuamual  lamah a kuan ngeingai uh hi. Khoi Lam in zong mi 4 gal nang dingin khuamual ciang dong a va kha hi.  Khoi Lam in, “ Kei pen kei guak ka hih ciangin kei si le’ng ka nu  dahlua ding ahih takteh na ciah ningin inn lam vai na hawm ning,” a ci hi. Khoi Lam in a gen mah bangin khuasung vai na hawm takpi a, ciimtaang tung to a, taksing phung khempeuh na meet sakin a nitak ciangin a halsak hi. Tua meikuang Meiteite in a muh uh tak ciangin, “ Hih lai-ah gal nang hizah banah, inn lamah zong hua zah om lai cile’ng zo zo kei ni,” ci-in a lungkia dimdem uh hi. Thakhat thu-in Kam Hau mite’n amau panmun ciat panin Meiteite  tawlnga loin a kap uh le Meiteite lau-in a taizak uh hi. Tampitak si-in a dangte lehtai uh a,a galvan uh le a nek a tak teng uh zong ek nusiatin a nusia uh hi. Sukte te in zongdeel zenin a nungdelh uh hi.. Meitei gun a tun ciangun leikidawh pen na kisat tan ahih manin a cimawh ta uh hi. Paunak khat in cimawh tuikia a nui a cih bangin Meiteite in mitphial dawi neiuh ahih lam hilh in a thaulawngte uh tui tawh kidim hi a thau uh ging thei lo ding hi ci-in a khem uh hi. Sukte mite in zong umin kipiakkhiat a sawmta uh hi. Ahizongin amau lakah Khuangnung mi Nawh Neng Phiamphu a kici mi khat kipiakkhiat ding a ut kei bilbel hi. Nawh Neng pen ngim se lo a thau a kap leh zong a kha lianlian khat hi-in Meitei te khat lui sung a laizang taka  suang tunga tu khat a kap le a si hi.Sukte galkap khempeuh in awng ngeingai, Kalaisai ! Kalaisai !, ci-in a thau uh a kap ciat uh hi. Galte tai-in pawlkhat manin  pawlkhat a taimang man uh hi. A thaute uh Tuihazang tuili sungah khia uh a, amau zong tampitak gun-ah kia-in a si uh hi. Mi 1000 khawng bek suakta-in inn a tung uh hi. Tedim gal kuan te’n Thaulawng 287 takpi Lui sungpan a tawm uh hi.Tua huna kipanin zothau a nei hong kibehlap pah hi.Meiteite puaksuk beete meitei be kici a , a lopa te pen meitei lo kici hi. Meiteite in singtangmite   ‘Hau’ hong cih uh ciangin Kam Hau mite hong cihna uh na hi gige hi. (Makenzie’s N.E.F of Bengal p.164) genna panin Manipur Political Agent A Mc Cullock in bel ‘Meiteite guallehna pen a meidawi man taktak uh hi’, ci hi. Leng Mangpa nangawn nusia-in taisan uh a, nitam lo khit ciangin a cing mi 20 tawh inn tung hi. Sukte mite khat in hih bangin  la phuak hi:
a) Khang a vaimang khanglim lian, buneem kaikuang me,
Ka singkawi ah hing bang aw;

b) Phaizang buneem ngakha me
Guasing kawi aw hing bang aw, buneem ne.

Hih banga gualzawhna a ngah tak uh ciangin Tedim Innpi ah Gualzawhna Pawi a kham uh hi. Ganhing bawngtal bekbek 150, bawng 100 keel 70 le vok tampi banah hausate in zong Ukpipa lungdampihna in vok khat tek a go uh hi. 1 ta go-in Galkapte le Hausa Upate banah mipite in nuamtakin lawmin zu le sa tawh ne-in tua zan ngawngaw a zanhak liang uh hi. Naw Neng Phiamphu hang a gual zo ahih manun Ukpipa in  pahtawina-in thau hoih mahmah khat pia-in siah zong a nuntak sung khempeuh a awl hi. Innpipa le Innpinu Ciin Ngul in hih bangin galkapte pahtawina-in la khat a phuak hi:

a)Vangkhua suan ding mualcin sangah
Zangta min luang hong baang e

b)Sumlu maipak taangzik banga ka lak,
            Zanglei-a taa tangin sambang met ing e

a) Tung Pasian in a awi lo e
            Vangkhua ngalliam khuaibang a hang te’n
             Do sumlu  mualah suah e

1859 kumin Sukte mite in Haukip khua khat Sugnu geiah na sim kik uh a, mi 15 thatin galmat tampi a la uh hi. Tua banga Sukte gal in Meitete gam a nawkgawp ciangin Meitei gam ukpa in cihna ding thei loin gal nan’na dingin gamgi ah dai a kai hi. Tuazawh tawlkhat sung Sukte le Meiteite kikalah gal hong veng deuh hi. Amau zong kilawmtatna hong nei thei zaw deuh uh hi. 1871 kum dong tua bangin Meitei le Sukte kikalah kitheihsiam tuahna om napi in gamgi zul a teng Guite le Thado kikalah bel kisim tuahna na khawl tuan lo hi. A hun zui a thupiangte in Meitei-Sukte kilemna liamsak thei ahih manin amau kikalah kimuanmawhna zong bei tuan lo hi.

Ukpi Kam Hau hunsunga a ciamtehhuai thute:
1.Gal kilemna le mipite in lungmuan khamuanna nei uh hi.
2.Tedim Pau le Tedim Ngeina(Kam Hau Upadi) piangkhia hi.
3.Galdo gal nanna ah gual zo den hi.
4. Kial letak hunsungin mipite’n ann ngawl lo uh hi.
KAMHAU TAPA TUMPEN KHAW CIN UKNA
1868 kumin Kam Hau a sihtakteh a tapa Za Tual in Tedim ah tawlkhat ukpi a sem hi. Tua hunlai takin Tedim khua ah  Kam Hau tapa tumpen  Khaw Cin, a mintak Khaw Cin Zam, in  Go Am Hatlang’ tanu   Vung Khaw Lian ngai-in a beh a phung in a awi lohpi mahin a tenpih nuam veve hi. Go Am in zong a tanu a awi tuan kei hi. A sanggamte’n vok khat go-in zu a nek laitakun  Khaw Cin in hih la a phuak hi:

a)Sun ni hamlai  i nuai muikhua zing hen aw, ngaih tong pal vabang ka san kal ngak               la’ng e
b)Gam khisan zong a sih khul peel tuanlo a,taang leng in  lia siang ka peel zo diai                  mah     e

Vung Khaw Lian in hih bangin thuk leuleu hi:
a)Na phung nialpi ngalliam aw hong leng lo aw, laizom tawh haizu na hawmmawh                ding hi e
b)Na phung lai-a ningzu aisa niang ding a, ningzu aisa khen dingin ka lawm lo e

       Khaw Cin in Vung Khaw Lian ngai mahmah ahih manin a kiangah, “ Vung Khaw Lian aw, hong tenpih ding hi ingh, kong mak taakleh suan nei lo, khak nei lo-in om ning,” ci-in  kam a ciam hi. Tua ahih manin a kamciam mah bangin  kitenpih takpi a, Khawvong khua ah zawltai-in khuasat ding Gin Za Thangte tawh a tonkhawm pah uh hi. Tonzang khua ah Khaw Cin in 1870-1877 dong hausa a sem hi. Tedim Innpite lawi khat cikmah a a kihawl zo ngei lo kimlai hawl het lohin inn tung zenzen ahih manin, ‘ I kam om lai hi, Khaw Cin samto ding hi Khaw Cin in Vung Khaw Lian ngai mahmah ahih manin a kiangah, “ Vung Khaw Lian aw, hong tenpih ding hi ingh, kong mak taak  leh suan nei lo, khak nei lo-in om ning,” ci-in  kam a ciam hi. (Tedim Pan Zangkong, 10 ) Tua ahih manin a kamciam mah bangin  kitenpih takpi a, Khawvong khua sat dingte tawh a tonkhawm pah uh hi. hang’ ci-in Tonzang hausa a sem kimlai  Khaw Cin leh a zi  Vung Khaw Lian Tedim Innpite’n a laktoh uh ciangin Gin Za Thang in Tonzang hausa kum 1877 panin 1891 dong a sem hi.(Tonjang Evangel Centenary laimai 2) Khaw Cinte nupa in Tedim lam a ciahsan tak ciangin Pum Za Kham’ nu Vung Mang in hih la a phuah hi:
a.   Zenzen aw Lun heikhialh aw, Lai ah na aw, Zodamtui bang ka luanna ding mel                 mang e
b.  Suan nei lo khak nei lo i phung tutawm tawh libang cinnop lai-in,zaang huihkhi   bang ka lenna dang zo ta e

Tedim a tun tak ciangin Khaw Cin sial 30 takpi tawh tongsak uh a, a beh a phung in a zi Vung Khaw Lian tawh a khen veve uh hi. Tuakhit ciangin Khaw Cin in Mualbem hausa Za Pau’ tanu Lian Dim a kitenpih hi. Khaw Cin in ukpi sem a, tua hun laitakin Nuam Dim kici numei khat in maangmu-in,  “Theihngeiloh Vaimang hong khang ding a, kuamah’n do zo lo ding hi. Pu Khaw Cin inn mang ding a, naupang tagah khat in luah ding hi. Pasian’ thuman zong hong tung ding hi. Leitawhtan le Mualtuk kikal inn dim ding hi.” cih bangin a gen khol hi. Hih thu teng Khaw Cin in a zak ciangin zadah a, ‘mi patausak hi’ ci-in a pau nawn loh nadingin a kham hi. A pau lai leh thah dingin zong thu a zasak hi. Vantung mite in a kampau vallua sa ahih manin, “Lau kei in, Khaw Cin pen a tapa Hau Za Kham cina khol lopi-in si vat ding a, a kivui ni-in zabo(tong khat) a sah a tuangdung ka kuaitan ding hi,” a ci hi. Tua bang teekteekin piang takpi ahih manin Nuam Dim kithat nawn lo hi. Tedim Leitawhtan pan Mualtuk dong inn dim suak takpi a, veng tuamtuamin kikhen hi.

GAL LE SA DONA LE NAN’NA:
             Khaw Cin in a mailam hun ding tawh kisai-in pusa bia a a om laitakin a nasem a tanute khat in dawi tampi tak lungdamna tawh a lam a diang Tedim Innpi kongtualah a mu hi. Tua dawite lasak hih bang ahi hi:

a)    A mi kilel micih kilel
Micih lai-ah Khaw Cin mah tungnung e
b)    A sa kilel sa cih kilel
            Sa cih lai ah sa kamkei mah tungnung e
 
Tua numeinu in mi khempeuh in a en dingin a kiko hangin kuamah in a mu thei kei hi. Hih bangin dawite in Khaw Cin mailam hun ding a hilh khol ahi hi. Khaw Cin zong thumu kisa-in veng le pamte do-in a zo gawp hi.
          
A pa mah bangin  Khaw Cin zong pilin, ciimin hehpihna nei-in zong a mite tungah thuman mahmah hi. A pu a pate mah bangin gam vengte do-in dungdung dangdang a sa hi. Meiteite, Lusheite le Kawlte a do khit ciangin Mikangte 1888-1891 dong gal a nang hi. Gal sungah a khe khat kikap tan kha ahih manin a khe a bai luangluang hi. Hih bangin la khat a phuak hi:          

a) Pham la pham lo buang ing e, Phamsa gimsi nam ing e
b)Ka pham zongin pheiphung a khau bang ciah lo dia, Lengvan ka mual suak diam ?
SUKTE- MEITEITE KIDONA((1871 – 1874)
Sukte Ukpi Khan Thuam leh Kam Hau te hun-a kipan Mikang kumpi in Khamtunggam a lak dong Tedim gam sung teng Sukte-Kam Hau ukna nuaiah om hi. Sukte galhatna gamkiim gampaamte in na thuaklah mahmah uh ahihna Mikang gamuk palai McCulloch in 1861 kumin hih bangin gelh hi: “Meiteite in Tuisa lui khanglam na uk kha ngeilo uh a, tua gal a teeng Sukte galhat mahmah uh hi,” na ci hi. Alexander Mackenzie mahmah in Sukte galhatna hangin Meitei gam khanglam khempeuhah kuamah teeng ngam lo ahihna leh, Meiteite in Luseite sangin Sukte kihta zaw-a tua mah bangin Luseite in zong Sukte na lau mahmah uh a hihna na ciamteh hi. Hih zahtaka Tedim Zo mite  midangte in zahtakin a kihtak theihna hang khat pen amau mahmah galdo siam ahih banah Kawlgam panin thau hoihpipi na ngah thei uh ahih man hi.
   
Meitei leh Sukte pen taang akipan gal leh sa-in na kinei den uh hi. Kam Hau hun lai-in Meitei Gungal a Hualngo gam kituhin Kam Hau le Lusei hausa Vannuailiana te a kido thei zel uh hi. Tua hun lai mahin Meitei gam zong Sukte-Kam Hau mite’n na sim kawikawi uh hi. 1850 kumin Sukte mite’n Lawnpi khua sim uh a, Meitei gam sungah lutin galmat samat tampipi na la thei zel uh hi. Sukte- Kam Hau gal nang zo mahmah lo ahih manun Luseite in Saizang leh Mualbem na sim ngei uh a, ahizongin amau lamet bangin lawhcing lo-in kileh zel uh hi. Tua bang kisimna-ah Sukte mite’n Luseite galmat na nei zel uh hi.
          
1859 kumin Sukte mite’n Haukip khua khat Sugnu geiah na sim kik uh a, mi 15 that in galmat tampi na la uh hi. Tua banga Sukte gal in Meitei  gam a nawk gawp ciangin Meitei  gamukpa in zong cihna ding thei lo-in gal nanna dingin gamgi ah dai kai hi. Tua zawh tawlkhat sung Sukte leh Meitei kikalah gal hong veng deuh hi. Amau zong kilawmtatna hong nei thei zaw deuh uh hi. 1871 dong tua bangin Meitei leh Sukte kikalah kitheihsiamna om napi’n gamgi zula teeng Guite leh Thado kikalah bel kisimna na khawl tuan lo hi. A hun zui-a thupiangte in Meitei-Sukte kilemna liamsak thei ahih manin amau kikalah kimuanmawhna zong bei tuan lo hi.
          
1868 in Kam Hau a sih ciangin a tapa neupen Khaw Cin Zam in Tedim ah ukpi sem hi. 1871 in Mikang kumpi in Lusei gam sim ding a geel ciangin a huh dingin Tedim Zo mite na zawn hi. Tua hun lai-in Sukte leh Luseite zong na kilem het lo uh ahih manin Tedim ukpi Khaw Cin Zam in Meiteite huh nuam napi’n Luseite’n amau lam a leh do ding zong kiginhuaisa-in Meitei leh Mikang kumpi i deihna bangin huh thei lo hi. Khaw Cin Zam in galkap tawh huhna a piak theih loh ciangin Mikang kumpi’n zong Lusei gam sim ding Cachar pan galkap sawl hi. Lusei leh Sukte kilawm matin hong pangkhawm kha leh cih lauhna tawh Sukte leh Meitei gamgi lam a cing dingin Meitei glkapte zong Major Thangal’ makaihna tawh Cikha ah sawl hi. Meitei galkapte’n Sialbu lamah ong nawk laitakun Sukte mite’n Champhai na sim uh a, Champhai hausa Lalbura na zo gawp uh hi. Tua hun sung mahin Meitei galkapte zong Champhai hong tungin Luseite a delhzak zawh uh ciangin sungkhawh natna in nawk gawp ahih manin kileh kik vingveng uh hi.

            SUKTE LE LUSHEITE KIDONA(1871 – 1872)
            Sukte te in Lushei gama Khuangleng khua le Ditlang khua simin a zo uh hi. Khualeng gal simna ah Mualbem hausa Za Pau makai-in galmat 500 numei pasal le a hausapa uh Thanhrang zia inkuanpihte manin ama inkuanpihte mah bangin a kem hi. Innteng haltum sak uh hi. Diltlang pen Ukpipa Khaw Cin makaihin sim uh a, ahi zongin khuami kuamah na om nawn lo hi. Mi nih bek a man kha uh hi. Ni khat, hausa Larbura makaihin mi tampi in Sukte gam manawhin General Lianluta tawh a kuan uh hi. A tup masak pen uh ahih le Saizang hausa Thuam Thawng ahi hi. Meitei gungak a tuna tun un Sukte mite’n gal muh uh  ahih manin na lamtan uh a, General Lianluta guntui laizang a tuntakin a kaplum uh hi. Midang 7 zong kaplumin tampi mah tui-ah a kialum uh hi. Lalbura in Mualbem khua sim leuleu-in ahi zongin Mualbem khua pen kulh hoih le mualtung khata om ahih manin a luh zo kei uh hi.
     
Sukte in Tonsim(Champhai) simin zo: 
Lusheite in Mualbem le Saizang a sim uh takteh Sukte te zong heh mahmah uh ahih manin hausa thupipen a kigen Champhai tutphah Vannuailiana khua  a sim uh hi.Saizang khuami Hau Za Siing makai-in mi tampi in a sim uh le a zo uh hi. Tua ahih manin Lusheite in Sukte te tungah  thau le ganta a piak uh kul hi. Sukte le Lushete in kilemna Champhai khua ah bawlin ui khat gawl atin a si dawnin kiciamna hih  bangin a nei uh hi: “ Lusheite in  Meitei gun a lehluan mateng le vakhu mei laam khat a phak mateng hih kiciamna tawh kizui-in Lushei hausa khempeuh in Sukte hausate tungah hi bangin siah a pia ciat ding uh hi”cih hi.Tua huna kipanin Sukte – Lushei gal a bei hi.
    
October, 1874 kumin  Go Khaw Thang sihna  hangin  Ukpipa Khaw Cin lungkim thei lo ahih manin Meiteite tungah phuba a lak sawm hi.Tua mah bangin, Meitei leh Khamtung gamgi-ah buaina kipan kik hi. Kam Hau mite in Kumsol leh Mukung khuate sim uh a, mi 17 thatin numei naupang 78 bang galmat in puakhia uh hi. Hih thupiang mit mahmah tawh mu nuamin a kan khia, tua huna Manipur ah Mikang Gamuk Palai a sem Dr. Brown in atunga khua hong simte pen Mualpi khua pana hong pai Za Tual’ ukna nuai-a om Guite mite hi dingin muangmawh hi. Kilemna a om zawh ciangin hih banga nawngkaina a pian kikkik Meitei gamukpa heh lua ahih manin Sukte gam sim kik taktak dingin ngaihsun a, galkap a khawm hi. Mikang kumpi in bangmah huhna pia loin galsim ding bel phalna pia hi. Tua tawh kituakin February pan April 1875 sung  Meitei galkap 2000 leh Khongsai  galkap 400 in gamgi zuan pah uh hi. Kisimna taktak a om ma- in Za Tual mite Meitei kumpi kiangah kilemna bawl ding leh galmatte pia dingin kamtai sawl hi. Tua bangin Za Tual’ palaite in galmatte uh Meiteite khutah pia kikin, Meiteite kiangah siah pia dinga a kamciam manun Meitei galkap bupa Major Thangal lungkimin April 11, 1875 in Sugnu ah kileh kik uh a, 14 niin Phaipi tungkik uh hi. Tua kilemna in gamgi-a buaina khaam zo taktak tuan lo ahih manin kisimna veng thei lo hi. Tua hih manin Meitei makaite in khanglam gamgi ah galnanna ding munpi li tak khawh kik uh hi, ci-in tua huna Mikang Gamuk Palai G.H. Damant in gen hi. Sukte te le Hualngote 1876 kumin kido uh a, Senam va luh uh a, Leisawn le Tashonste tawh 1878 kumin kido-in Kam Hau mite’n a zo uh hi.
MEITE TE’N TEDIM SIMKIK(1878)
            Sukte le Meitei te kido simin Meiteite in lel den pianzaw ahih manun Meiteite in 1878 kumin a Lengmangpa uh Chandrakirti Singh mahmah makai-in Tedim sim kik dingin galkap honkhat  le nasem ding le Kuki levies  Tedim gam manawhin a kuan leuleu uh hi. Mikang kumpi te kiangah huhna a nget hangin a ngah kei hi. A Lengpmangpa uh taala zawngin Sukte gam a zuan uh hi. A kuanlam un lei khut dim khat tek pham uh a, Zangdunga mun khatah a koih khawm uh ciangin mual no khat a suak zo hi. Kam Hau gam a tun uh ciangin Tualmu khua(Mualheng-Leizang) a kicihna, Tedim pan tai 16,  munah phual a sat uh hi. Sukte mite’n hih thu a zak uh ciangin Galkap mangpi Za Tual in  a galkap khempeuh kaikhawmin hih thu a zasak hi.Meiteite a huh peuhmah thahlup dingin thu a pia hi. Gam le mipite bit nadingin lau lo le hangsan taka gal do dingin a hansuah phapha hi. Za Tual in mi10 10 a kipawlin Ciimtang mual to teng Tedim leilum dong singphung khempeuh met siangin  thu a kiasak hi.
          
Hih a ngimna in bel, galte muhna ah panmun Camp asak ding uh deihna ahi hi. Meiteimangpa in meikuang a gal muh tak ciangin lau pha mahmah a, Sukte galkapte tampi pha  hi ci-in a do ngam ngam kei hi. Lengmangpa in Chahsat hausa Ngulngam Tedim ukpipa kiangah sawlin a kipiakkhiat kei uh le a thauvuite uh tuisuak ding a, a thaute uh zang thei lo ding uha, a tawpna ah a kipiakkhiat loh phamawh ding hi, aci sak hi. Ukpipa Khaw Cin le Galkapmangpa Za Tual in hih thu a zak ciangun heh pha mahmah uh a,, tua thauvui tui suakte pen a sisan uh le a khau lengin Sukte kankhawm ding a,a la uh le a lungtang uh dawt ding hi a ci uh hi. Sukte khuai in bi ding uh ah a nungkik ding uh hi, a cisak hi. Nithum bang kong ngak uh cingta ahih manin hong kuan mengmeng un ci-in a vaikhak uh hi. A ni giat ni zingsang tungin Meitei te’  Lengmangpa General Nongmeingakpa a galte koi lamah om hiam cih thei nuamin Suangsuang dawn panin a khuadak leh Tua laitakin  Za Tual in a thau a suak thei hiam, ‘naang hong leng hiam, phim leh khau hong leeng hiam, hong sin dih ning’, ci-in a gal mual vum tung panin ngimngimin a kap leh a thau suak takpi a,Meiteite Galkap Mangpa kha-in Suangsuang vum tung pan kiasuk a, Dawn lui sung kidenna sukin a si liuleu hi. A thaute uh Tuihazang tuili sungah khia uh a, amau zong tampitak gun-ah kia-in a si uh hi. A makaipa uh a sih takteh a makai muan huai ding uh om nawn loin meiteite a pangpa mahmah uh hi. Tua cih laitakin Sukte galkapte in thakhat thu-in a tha neihteng uh le a hatna teng uh tawh do-in  Meiteite camp teng buluhin a delh mang uh hi.  Meiteite’n zong a vante uh nusia a a tai na lamun aLengmangpa nangawn uh zong nusia kha-in khuai tunpi bu pukha uh a deh gawpin a buai mahmah uh hi. Pawlkhatte guamah kia-in, pawlkhatin sing le suang palkha-in liam le bai-in a si pawl zong om a, pawlkhatte puksi uh a, a tamzawte Meitei gun ah kia-in Sukte galkapte’n  a that uh hi. A makaipa uh a sihtak ciangin Meiteite lungkia-in nungkik uh a, a ciah lam-un tunpi(khuai) kua khat phukha-in a dehgawp uh leh, ‘Kam Hau thote bek zong hihzahta a na ahih ciangin zozo kei ni,’ a kici uh hi. Tua bek  hi lo, vasa ham peuh a zak uh ciangin ,’ Tedimte kuan zozo ding ahi hiam ? Thovai nangawn in huh a, va-ak nangawn in zong, ‘tak, kapa tapa,’ci-in hanciam tazen uh hi, ci uh hi. Tedim Kam Hau mite zasan tawh kibang uh hi’ a ci liang uh hi. A thaute uh Tuihazang tuili sungah khia uh a, amau zong tampitak gun-ah kia-in a si uh hi. Tawmkhat bek suakta-in inn a tung kik uh hi. Suktete in galphualah thau lawng 130, Meitei te camp panin 90 le Gunlui panin 67 a tawm uh hi. Meiteite in Sukte a thumvei do na-ah a guallel ngiingei uh hi. Sukte- Kam Hau miten Tedim a tun kik uh ciangin Tedim Innpi ah Meitei tungah  galzawhna Pawi thupitak khat a bawl uh hi. Lamlam uh a, ne-in dawn-in a kham piikpeek uh hi. Tua khit ciangin Ukpia Khaw Cin le General Za Tual in  pahtawina lianpi tawh galkapte a khua ciat uh ah kha khia-in amau khua tekah zong gualzawhna pawi a bawl ciat uh hi.
SUKTE - MEITEI ZANGDUNG AH KILEMNA
            Meiteite in Tedim 1878 kum a sim uh a sawt nai lo khatin Manipur Maharajah inSukte le Meiteite kalah kilemna picing om theih nadingin Tedim Ukpipa Tapei(Chakpikarong) ah kihona nei dingin a sap leh Ukpipa Khaw Cin le General Za Tual in hehna-in la ahih manin amau Maharajah Zangdung a kiho dingin a leh sap uh hi. Hih kihona ah Suktete in sial khat go-in Meiteite in sial nih a go tuak uh hi. Sial mei tankhia-ina si sungah diahin Ukpi tegel in amai uh kitat sak tuakin, “ hih kiciamna a peel  i om leh hih sial a sih bangin i si ding hi”a kici uh hi. A kicamna uh ah thuman ding le a gam tuak uh kitheihpih ding banah kido ngei nawn lo dingin kam a ciam phapha uh hi. Gamgi zong a omsa bangin Tapei(Chakpikarong) hi ding hi. Sukte-Meitei kidona a tawpna le abeina ahi ta hi.
   
Mikang galkapte in Kawlpi panin Tedim khua sim dingin a kuan uh hi.March 10, 1889 in Tedim khua a haltum tak ciangin Khaw Cin zong galtai-in Tonzang pan Tualzang, Vanglai pan  a sanggampa Thang Khaw Pau’ hauhsakna khua Ngennung ah September ni 1, 1891 ni-in a si hi. A sih ni-in a mite le a galkapte in hih la a sa uh hi:
a)     Dimtui aw e, Zangtui aw e
Leido a siallum aw e;
b)    Dimtui zangtui sunni nuai-ah
Kawlciang huiva mau bang e

KHAW CIN HUN SUNGA A CIAMTEHHUAI THU PAWLKHAT:
            1.Gal hat mahmah ahih manin a gam zai mahmah hi.
            2.Meiteite tawh kilemna picing a piang hi.

KAM HAU TUPA HAU CIN KHUP, KSM; TDM; ATM; VD, SUKTE UKPI MINTHANG PEN(uk 1891-1926)
Hau Cin Khup pen Kam Hau tapa a sagihna Hau Pum le  Tel Ciin(Hatzaw) te tapa hi a, 1874 kumin Tedim Khua ah a piang hi. Mihingte hatang 32 a pha hitaseleh ama hatang 36 pha-in a mittang pen mikangte’ mittang tawh kibangin puang qiuqeu se hi. Kum 21 a phak 1894 kumin Mualbem khua a om Thuam Khaw Lian tanu Ciin Za Niang tawh a kiteng uh hi. Tapa Pum Za Mang le tanu Lian Za Cing a nei uh hi. A zi Ciin Za Niang in dam lo-in 1903 kumin a sihsan takteh tua kum mahin  a zi’ naunu ahi Vung Khaw Man tawh a kiteng uh hi. A tate- Vai Hen Thang, Niang Khaw Cing, Ciin Khaw Lun, Hau Cin Pau, Kam Cin Thang le Lian Cin Thang ahi uh hi.
1887 kum December kha-in Mikang galkapte  company khat Kawlpi (Kalemyo) hong tung to pah hi.   Kawlgam Vaigam a Mikang gamkeekte ukna hong khan laitakin Zogam (Chin Hills/Khamtung gam) ah khua khat le khat lu kilakna le galmat tampipi om ahih manin khanglam Chin Hills le saklam Chin Hills ah kikhenin Mikang galkapte  kithawi-in hong kuan to uh hi. Mikangte tuppipen bel galmatte khahkhiat ding, galsimte gawtna piak ding le Kam Hau-Sukte ukna thuneihkhum ding ahi hi.Tua hun laitakin Kam Hau mite’n Kale-Valley sim zelzelin Pinthawa khua panin gallu tampi pua-in galmat a hingin 14 zong Tedim a tunpih uh hi.  Mikangte Khamtung gama hong lut ding uh deih lo ahih manun Zo minamte’n kum khat val na nang zo uh hi. Ahi zongin, 1889 kum March kha-in Mikang galkapte’n Major Raikes makaihna tawh Tedim khua inn 300 a pha kimlai a haltum tak ciangin mipite khua kiim khua pamah galtai ngeingai uh hi.  . A galmat uh Kawlte kikhahsakin amau khua tekah a ciahsak uh hi.Hau Cin Khup te nuta tengin Tonzang a a Pu Gin Za Thang beelin a tai uh hi. Tonzang khua ah Hau Cin Khup’ pu Gin Za Thang’ tapa Awn Khaw Kam in a innah gallu tampi suangin galmat zong tampi nei hi, cih thu a zak ciangin Mikang galkapte’n Tonzang lam mitsuanin Major Rundall makaihna tawh Gorkha Regiment galkap 215 leh coolie 300 tawh February 11, 1891 zingsang nai 11 pawlin Tonzang khua a umcih uh hi. February 13, 1891 zingsang nai 4 in Tonzang hong phawng pan uh hi. Mipi patau-in a taizak uh hi. Kamphen nasem  Sihzangmi   Luan  Suak in, “tai bo heek vun , tai heek vun, Maang zong hi,” a cih leh  pawlkhat in, ‘taikeek un’ a ci sa-in a tai uh leh Galkapte in a taite bankapin mi 8 a kaplum uh hi.  Phut Vum,  Lian Suan leh  Khoi Lam tapa nihna  Son Kham te gal kilemna ding deihin tangko-in khua sungah a dian kawikawi na lam-uah Galkapte’n   Son Kham pen kap kha-in a si hi.  Phut Vum in maang zong hi ci ahih takteh Za Tual lah om lo a, Hau Cin Khup beek koi ah om hiam ci-in zong hi. Kum 17 a pha ,tangvalno ngiungeu pan  Hau Cin Khup pen  Tawn Tualte inn nuai-ah  Vai Kam tawh a buk nading uh  namsau khat tawh dum toto a muh tak ciangin  Phut Vum in Hau Cin Khup a khutah lenin, ‘ Ka tu Hau Cin Khup aw, i khua i tui leh i minam mang taktak ding hi hong zui in,’ci-in a ban a kai-in ama’n zong kap kawmkawmin zui a, maimual sa-a Mikangte khutah a va piak leh pengkul hong kitumin galkapte a ciah diamdiam uh hi.Tua khit ciangin Tonzang khua upa vaihawm teng manin, Pinthawa pana Kawlte lu a lak teng uh, saihapakte  leh a galmat uh silate a hing lai teng zong a laksak khin uh hi. A matte uh sungah  Pum Za Kham zong kihel kha hinapi, aman ‘Ka  naute ann va puak phot  ning’ ci-in khem a, inn a ciah leh a man nawn kei uh hi. A mi matte uh hih a nuai a teng ahi hi. Numei teng Kalemyo panin ciah kik sakin, Nia’ng Za Vung leh pasal teng Zaangvung (Rangoon/Zangkong/Yangon) dong a tonpih uh hi: (Hatzaw Beh Laibu)
1.     Gin Za Thang Hatzaw, Tonzang hausa
2.     Hau Cin Khup Sukte, ( Hau Pum leh  Tel Ciin’ tapa)
3.    Thang Za Vungh Hatzaw( Son Kham’ tapa)
4.    Thang Khaw Pau Sukte
5.     Vung Mang ( Gin Za Thang zi)
6.      Niang’ Za Vung ( Gin Za Thang tanu)
7.     Dim Ning( Hatzaw)
8.     Zel Cing(Hatzaw) ( Kham Khaw Lian Sanggamnu)
9.    Thang En Hatlang
10.   Ciin Luai (Pu Thang En zi’)
11.   Thang Luan Khuptong (a khe kikap tansak)
12.  Thual Ngul  Naulak

March 31,1891 ni-in Mikangte’n a mi mat teng uh Tonzang pan Fort White(Thangmual) ah puak to uh a, tua lai-ah tawlkhat a kem uh hi.Tua lai panin Kawlpi a puaksuk  uh hi. Kawlpi ah  Thang ZaVung leh  Zel Cing  te gilsan(dysentry) vei uh ahih manin Kawlpi ah  a lawmte hong tun kik dong ngakin a omsak  uh hi. Numei teng Kalemyo panin ciah kik sakin, Nia’ng Za Vung leh pasal teng Zangvung (Rangoon/Zangkong/Yangon) dong a puaksuk  uh hi. A matte uh a khut uah sik khainiang bulhsak uh ahih manin Gin Za Thang in nuammawh sa-in han la a sak kawmkawmin a khutbom tegel a gawigawina lamin a khutguh bang dawk siatsuat liang hi, kici hi. Mikangte’n lungtang pha a sa mahmah uh hi.  A pa leh a u Hau Cin Khup a kimat pen  Pum Za Kham na dah lua mahmah ahih manin hih la a phuak hi:

a) Ka zua kamkei gamkuam thuk ah
            Do hen-in han zai sa e.
b)Ka ciin sial le’ng gam vangla ah
Zangtawi lunmang’ hen hi e.

Gin Za Thang la:
a) Gual in lai mi hen ciat veh e, kei’ laihen zek diak sa’ng e
b) Na Ciin kei paal, zaang dum dongkhon,lentu tang laingek kheng e

Vung Mang’ la ( Gin Za Thang zi):
              a ) Sing hen sim na’n, laithah sial na’n, zaang tual va ban aw ci e
              b) Zangtual ban ding sawn leh ka von, um bang no lua ka sa e

              a) Do ta’n ka laangmai hong vel  e, banzal in taang bang kai  e
              b) Von mom paibang ka kuah kawmin, tulta liim sawl ngai ing e

Tel Ciin in a tapa  Hau Cin Khup a phuah:
a) Deih  tawh ka laitan aw e, kamkei laitan, zanggam gil albang na mang
            tak ding aw e
b) Pu Von langlam, ciandal leh awhkhi  minthang, ciaului  lumsuang zah a vum
             Na ngai nam aw

Hau Cin Khup nu Tel Ciin pen meigong khat ahih manin a pasal Hau Pum tawh a kiten ciangin a beh a phungin nialin a khen zawhloh uh hi a, Pawi gal a a pasal a sihtakteh a u le nau in ciah dingin a sawl zawh loh bek tham loin a tapa neihsun Hau Cin Khup Mikangte’n a mat tak uh ciangin a si a mang dingin a ngaihsut uh ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Sukte numeite in suan mang ding na hih ciangin ,ci –in ciah dingin sawlthapai-in zong a bawlsia  den uh hi. Ahi zongin, Tel Ciin in a tapa  si hi cih cian masa nuam phot ahih manin a ciah nuam bikbek kei hi. A pasal le a tapa a it a ngaih luat manin a sun a zanin a kap thapai hi. Hau Cin Khup zong naupang cik kum 16 pha pan khat ahih manin a nu ngai-in  kapkhia uauuau thei zelin ni tam pipi ann a ngawl thei zel hi. Mikang kumpite in  Hau Cin Khup kiangah khatvei ciang a Kam Hau gam bek hi lo, Chin Hills bup kumpi hi ding ahih zia a hilh uh hi. Zan khat a nu Tel Ciin in mang lamdangpi khat a man hi. A mang sungah, a tapa in Innpi kong tualah dingin mawngkung in a hiangzam in gam teng a zelh bangin vasa namkim a hiang tungah tuangin lungdam le nuamin la a sa u hi. Gan khe 4 nei khempeuh a singlim nuai ah nuam satakin a khawl tawldam uh hi. Tel Ciin a khanlawh ciangin a lungdam mahmah a, a innsung numeite in  ko ekek a a bawlsiat  ciangun zong heh loin ‘ni khat ni ciangin ka tapa hong tung kik ding a, Ukpi hong suak ding hi’  ci liuliau-in a lungnuam mahmah lel hi.
April kha in Zangkong-ah  Governor kiang a tunpih uh hi. Zangkongah Hau Cin Khup le a matte uh pen galmat bangin bawl loin amah bang bel kumpi khat bangmahin a bawl uh hi. Zahtakpi Governor in Hau Cin Khup hih bangin thu a dong hi:

Governor : Hau Cin Khup aw, nang Kam Hau gam ukpi zaa luah ding mah na hi hiam ?
Hau Cin Khup : Ka himah hi. Kam Hau’ zaa luah ding takpi mah hi ing.Tua hangin     Mikangte’n mi khempeuh tang dingin hong mat uh ahi hi.

Governor : Tua ahih leh Chin Hills ah kihtak na nei hiam ?
Hau Cin Khup : Ka nei kei hi.  Mikangte hun ma a Chin Hills ah nam le hausate ka pu     `                         ka pate zawhsa vive ahih manin kihtak ding om lo hi.

Governor : Tua bang ahihleh, Zomite khempeuh phatakin na uk zo ding hiam ?
Hau Cin Khup : Pu aw, ka pu ka pate mah bangin ka uk thei ding hi. Kei tang a ding thei  ding hausapil tampi om hi.

Hih bang thuteng a dot khit ciangin Governorpa lungkim mahmahin a muang mahmah lel hi. Bangbang ahi zongin a tawp khak nadingin dotna khat a dong lai hi:
Governor : Hau Cin Khup aw, leitungah bang na deih pen hiam?
Hau Cin Khup : Eh ! Pu aw, leitungah ka Nu mah ka deih pen hi. Ka nu ka ngai                              mahmah a, muhkal ka ngaklah mahmah hi. Ka Nu hong musak mengmeng in Pu aw.
      
Hih banga Hau Cin Khup in a nu itna a gen pen in Governorpa’ lungtang sukha mahmah a, Mikang kumpite gamsungah zong nute itna mah kithusak pen ahih lam a phawk hi. Governor in Hau Cin Khup kiangah,” ken zong leitungah ka Nu mah ka deih penpen hi” a ci hi. Governor in Hau Cin Khup kiangah na Nu simloh a dang bang na deih pen hiam ? ci-in a dong teitei hi. Hau Cin Khup in, “ Pu aw, ka  Nu banah  Kumpite’n hong phal a a pian theih liaileh, ka pu ka pa thuneihna le  a zawhsa uh gam lianpite ka deih hi” a ci hi. Naupang kum 16 a pha pan khat in Ukpi nam hi kei lepawh hih bangin dawng thei lo ding hi,” Governor in  a ci hi. Chin Hills buppi Kumpi dingin a piak uhleh, Hau Cin Khup in Tedim gam bek uk nuam ahih dan a hilh hi. Hausa a mat dangte kiangah  Governor in a deih pen uh a dong ciat hi. Hausa pawlkhatte in thau a ngen pawl omin, Taih inn a ngen pawl le pawlkhat in sumkuang mawtaw a ngen uh hi. Tua tak ciangin Governor in hausa dangte pen Ukpi/Innpi innsung pan ahih loh lam a tel hi.

Tua lai-ah kha nih taang bang a omsak khit uh ciangin  Gin Za Thang leh  Hau Cin Khup te laipi khat tuak tawh inn lam a ciahsak uh hi.  Gin Za Thang in tua laipi pen Mikangte mat kik nading hi kha ngel ding cih ummawh cinten ahih manin kheisan tunna in na zang ziau hi. A tupa Hau Cin Khup in bel tua laipi na kem khinkhian ahih manin Kumpite’n hong kan kik uh tak ciangin na lak thei pah lian a, Tonzang gam ukna ding laipi na hi giap khong hi. A pu Gin Za Thang in a lai pen hong mat kik nading uh hikhaleh ci-in kheisan tunna-in na zang ziau a, lah ding na kem nawn lo ahih mah bangin ama’ siah kaih nadinga a gelsak sa uh Tuipi gam teng a taan hiau hi. Kum 1891 May 7 ni-in  Hau Cin Khup in Kam Hau’ ukpi zaa a ngah hi. Hih bang a pian theihna pen a paneu ahi Tedim Ukpipa Khaw Cin, suan leh pak nei loin si a, a pa Hau Pum lah Hualngo galah si khin ahih manin Sukte ngeina ah nautumpen gamhluah ahih  mah bangin Mikang Kumpi’n a ama tungah Ukpi zaa a suan uh hi. Hih banga Mikangte hanga launa, patauhna, diipkuatna leh sihna dong a tuah uh pen Innpipa  Kam Hau’ gamh  luah ding leh a zaa luah ding a zonna lam uh a  thu piang  na hi gige khong hi !

Mikang kumpite’n gamsung vaihawmna teng ama khutah a ngak uh ciangin Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup in khua hausate in amah dong kawmin gitloh gamtatna cih loh siah thukhentheihna aana apia hi. Amah huh dingin upa hih anuaia mite a sep hi:
1.    Vung Za Kham Sukte;
2.    Vai Kham Sukte;
3.    Tuang Khaw Thang Sukte
4.    Phut Vum Hatzaw
5.    On Kam Hatzaw
6.    Kham Khaw Lian Hatzaw
7.    Lian Suan Suante
8.    Cin Thawng Bawmkhai
9.    Am Awn Manlun
10.  Go Am Samte
11.  Khat Gin Thawmte
12.  Suan Pum Hautual.   
     PAU CIN HAU’ BIAKNA LE LAIMAL PIANKHIATNA
            Pau Cin Hau Sukte Mualbem khua in 1888 panin 1902 kikal kum 15 sung tawntung cina-in a kumzawn  hi. 1900 kumin mang khat nei-in a mang sungah khauhual khat van le lei kikal ah kikhung  a mu hi. Mi khempeuh in tua khauhual  lenin a kah uhleh kuamah a kah zo kei hi. Ama’n khukdinin thu ngen a a kahleh vantung  a 30 na a tung to hi. A kum kik ciangin  Pasian in Pau Cin Hau kiangah mailam hun a na lamdang hong om ding tuamtuamte a muhngei het loh Meileeng, tembaw, sakol tungtuang cihte khamtung gama a muh khak ngei hetloh vive a musak hi. Kum 1902 kumin mang lamdang khat a nei leuleu hi. A mang sungah, Mikangkangte khat pasian tawh a kibang a mu hi. A ma’n laimal pianzia a nei suangtang  tawh a kikoihkhawm ciang a laibu a suak lai sim dingin a deih hi. Lai ah gelhgelhin Deputy Commiisiioner, Chin Hills in siktawlai tawh gelhkhia dingin hanthawn a 1931 kumin a  thum vei etphatna le a tawpna pen a sunkhia hi. Tua laibul in laimung 21 a nei hi.

Tanglai te kidemna DOKHEN:
Dokhen I cih ciangin tanglai mite galmat samat kidemna ahi hi. Hih in pasal le hausate a hing a gal sunga a kiman le inn a a tenkhoppihte uh pen Dokhen kici hi. Tuhun a Victory Cross a cihte tawh kibang  hi. Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup in galmat 5, saipi kisiangset 5, Sainu 2, sahang 5, vompi 10, gamsial 28 le san am tuamtuam 200 a kigawmin 255 a man hi. Hih kidemna a zawh khit ciangin 1914 kumin a galmatte le gamsa matte ai-in ‘Ton’ a kici pawipi khat a kham hi. Hih latung a phuak pah eksam hi:

a)    Ciin aw siallum I lawhna sakciang leido
Gual tawh sing bang ten ing e
b)    Laukha tangbang a dam nam maw
Khuamual ah alva’n khuai bang bawm e

Chin Labour Corps:
            Galpi masa 1917 in kipan hi. Tua ahih manin Chief Commissioner Sagaing F.O.Fowler Tedim ah January 1917 Fort White ah kithukimna khat bawlin hong pai to hi. Tua lai-ah Sukte le Mikangte in kilemna khat bawlin a banglam a banglam ah kihuhtuah dingin kithukim uh hi. Galpi masa pen Mikang kumpi le Germante nakpi takin kido uh ahih manin Fowler in nasem ding mi 1000 khat kisam cih Hau Cin Khup a zaksak ciangin ama’n zong phek sa-in Tedim gam, Sukte gam le Siyan gam panin hausate Tedim ah asamkhawm hi. CC cihzah sanga tamzaw mi 1300 tak kaikhawmin Training kha 3 Tedim khua ah a neihsak khit ciangin amahmah makai-in hausa 30 tawh May 27, 1917 ni-in Zangkong dong a va kha hi. Britishte War Releif Fund a dingin Rs.1000 le a saihapakte zong kumpite piak beh lai hi. Hih banga a thumanna le a cihtakna hangin KSM(Knight Service Medal)minphatna a pia uh hi. 1893 kumin rifle khat le 1899 kumin thauka khat amahmah a kihut nadingin a kipia hi. Hih teng banah India Viceroy le Governor General in Hau Cin Khup pen Khamtung gam khempeuh a uk dingin thuneihna a pia hi. Ahi zongin ama’n Chin Hills saklam siah teng zong ama’ adingin hun salua ahih manin tua tangin sai a mawkna a a kap theihna ding phalna a ngen zaw hi. British Kumpite’n deih le deihloh thu hi loin Chin Hills  le Lushai Hills  gam khempeuh ukna ding thuneihna ‘Chin Mingyi’ zong a pia uh hi. Hau Cin Khup in Mikang Kumpite lam tuamtuam ah a kithuahpih manin, minphatna-T.D.M.(Knight Galantry Service conferred a Silver Sword); A.T.M(Knight Good Service Medal) le V.D.( Volunteer Officer of Decoration) a pia uh hi.
Zogal 1919 bei khit  ciangin Hau Cin Khup in a ukna khua pen Khuavong panin 1920 kumin Tonzang ah tuah to-in Innpi khat a lam hi. Hih Innpi pen taihinn(pucca building)dawl thum a sang a kilam hi a, Sen(China) innlam siamte  lam ngiat ahi hi. Hih lai mun pen thukhenna inn-in a zang uh hi. 1922 kumin a inn lam zo-in a Innpi, a galmat samatte tawh ai khawmin nasiatakin Pawi kham a, khua hausate le upate le a gamsunga mi thupi diakte a sam hi. Hih bang taihinn pen tua hunlai-in kuamah a nei om nai sai lo hi. Sial 25, bawng 75, le nek ding zu kicing piikpeekin a om hi. Innpi ah  inn nasem bekbek mi 500 om a, mi 100 amah a kem a don ding omin mihat Tawk Thang’ makaihin mi 300 in Innpi a cing uh hi. Tawk Thang in sialtal pen a kii-ah kiptakin len a, thakhatin a ngawng a heek leh a sipah hi. Khua tuamtuam pana siah le saliang a va puakte in Innpi ah amau inn mah bangin bawlin zingann nitak ann a duh bangbangun a ne uh hi.Thupi salua ahih manin Cin Song a kici Lungthul, Manipur khuami khat in hih la a phuah hi:
a)    Lunmang sausuan meel ka muh le
Muhmawh nuaizin a zal ding sa’ng e;
b)    Muhmawh nuaizin lah zal lo a,
Ngalliam vontawi zang kamkei na heina hi e

Tonglon(P) hausa, Manipur,Pum Za Kham in a tupa Hau Cin Khup a phuah:
a)    Na zua nuaizin mang hi aw e
Sawn Mang’ than tungnung aw e
b)    Hautawi na gual beel bang sinna
Na sau khangngo mei bang e
  
Hau Cin Khup in a upa vaihawmpihte khentuam deihsak tuam nei het loin uk a, lungnem hithiatin a mite phattuam nading bekbek a sem hi. A mite tung le Mikang Kumpite tungah Hehpihna nei-in thuman mahmah hi. A mah banga ukpi ithuai le deihhuai ukpi piang ngei nawn lo ding hi, kici hi.Mi khempeuh pen ama’ tu le ta bangin a ngaihsun hi. Mi khat in hih bangin la a phuah hi:
a)    Namcih huaisiam Lun minthang aw,
Na vang lumbang sung ing e;
b)    Lungtup thang dawlcial aw e
Pal lawh heisa aw e.
      
Saklam Chin Hills gamsung,Tedim gam kici a, mun 3 in kikhen a- Sukte gam, Siyin gam le Kam Hau gam ahi hi. Sukte gam sungah khua 36 om a, Sihzang gam in khua 8 huam a, Kam Hau Sukte gam in khua 485 huam hi.
Siah Kaihna:
            Kumpite thupiak bangin gam sung khempeuh sung panin siah tuamtuam  kikai-in Mikang kumpi tungah aap  uh hi.siah kaih thaman tawm khat Innpipa a khen khia zel uh hi. Inn khasana(Hill House Tax) pen dangka peek 3 hi-in peek 2 kumpite in la-in peek 1 pen Ukpite in tang hi. Hih a kikhon sumte tawh kumpite in gamsung khantohna dingin zang a, lamlian lamneu, lei le sanginn lamna-in kizang phadiak hi. Innpipa in khua tengah  Mangbuk(Mikang Uliante zinbuk) le Buzung(giahbuk) lam dingin thu zasak a, amah le a vaihawmpihte a zin ciangun Buzungah giakin an a ne uh hi. Khua kiim khua pamte kiangah khua khat le khat kikawmnate Jeep tai theihna dingin to dingin thu a pia hi. Nasep a zawh ciangun Kum 3 halta-in a gamsunga khuate vehin zin kawikawi a, a mite haksatna a kan khia hi. Gamsung ah daihna piang a mipite lung nuam takin teng uh ahih manin gal launa zong a bei hi.  Khual a zin ciangin khua mite in lawptakin na vaidawnin a gam lapi khuasung lutna kong bulah a sak khum zelzel uh hi:
a)    Limbelh Mang hong zing zin e
Thangkai gualnu a lai-ah phualva dung sun e
b)    Phualva dungsun liimbelh Mang,
Khaubang a ciah ding ka ngai e.                                                  

Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup hun sunga Thupiang Pawlkhat:
a.    Chin Hills sunga zat ding “ Chin Hills Regulation Act 1896” kici piang hi.
b.    Gamsungah gal le sa launa bei-in daihna piang hi.
c.     Khua khat le khua khat kikawmna lampi le sanginn kiphuan hi.
d.    Tedim gamsungah teklei tawh a kilam inn a nei masa penpen ahi hi.
e.    1925 kumin Tedim Zatopi huang sungah zato lumte’ tanaute omna ding khawlbuk a lamsak hi.
f.      Khuatengah zinbuk le Maangbuk a lamsak hi.

Hong uk Mikang kumpi ulian tuamtuamte tung panin kumpite tungah a        `    thumanna le a cihtakna hangin  Pahtakna Lai a hunhunin   a ngah den hi.

Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup kumzawnin sawtpi lupna a ngak hi. September 10, 1934     zingsang nai 7 hun lianin a it a zi a tate le a khuapih le a gam mite nusia-in a leitung nuntakna a bei hi. Amah mi kician, hehpihna hau le mi pil mahmah khat ahih manin hausate le upate Tonzang innpi-ah hong paikhawmin si sunin sunthapai zanthapai a om uh hi. Nisimin ganhing tampi go-in ne-in dawnin a om uh hi. Sukte ngeina bangin kha 7 a luang a koih khit uh ciangin a vui ni dingin sial 75, lawi 11, bawng 17, sakol 2 a kigawmin 105 kuasahin a go uh hi. Khua hausate, upate le mi poimawh tuamtuam samkhawmin nitak lam nai 3 in Upate in a luang pua-in hanah a paipih uh hi. Hanah Ukpipa Pum Za Mnag in a thau lawn masa-in tua khit ciangin hausate, upate le midangte in amau thau tek a lawn uh hi. Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup a sih a kipan a sakol le a ui a sun a zanin kap den le ham denin ann le tui zong ginatakin ne lo dawn lo-in a om uh hi. Bah le ngui a a om pen  Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in lunghimawh le hehpihhuaisa ahih manin a nih-un kaplumin a pa tawh a vui khawm hi.
HAU CIN KHUP TAPA PUM ZA MANG, KSM IN UKPI SEM 
            Innpipa Hau Cin Khup le Ciin Za Niang’ tapa upapen Pum Za Mang  Khaw Vong(Tonzang) khua ah 1894 kumin a suak hi. A pa Hau Cin Khup in pilna lamsang thupi ngaihsut ahih manin kum 11 a phakin Tedim sanginn ah a kahsak hi. Kawllai le Manglai tawh  pawl 4 a zo hi. 1912 kumin Sagaing High School ah  kahin pawl VII Kawllai le Manglai  1915 kumin a zo hi. A pa nasepna a huh kul ahih manin laisim khawlsan a, 1917 kumin Thangkhal hausa ahi Za Tual tanu nihna Cing Khaw Lian tawh kitengin ahi zongin a kumkik ciangin ta nei man lo-in a zi in a sihsan hi. Zogal a then kuan 1920 kumin Guite hausa minthang penpen a kigen Manipur a om  Kangkap hausa Mang Cin Lian, tanu Ciin Khaw Man tawh a kiteng hi. Ciin Khaw Man in Tozang manawh ding a a paidek kuanin a nulepa, a lawm a gual leh khuapihte ngai mahmah ahih manin hih la a phuak hi:

a)    Simgam heisa’n a va leen hong zil ing e,
b)    Vangla ka manawh ding aw na nem aw !
c)    Sen angkawi ding khangsum bang ka nial lo e,
d)    Sawmkholh gual le zua liim ngai ing e
    
Ukpite khual a zin ciangun sakol tungah tuangin a zin leng uh hi. Ciin Khaw Man pen sakol tung tuang ngei lo ahih manin taalin a zawng  uh hi. Tonzang Innpi a tuntak teh khuakiim khuapaam hausate, upate le khua mipite in nasiatakin na vaidawn uh hi. A gam mite Innpinu en-in kha 7 sung hun a bei zo hi. Innpinu in  Guite le Sukte vangliatna hih bangin la a phuak hi:

a)    Hong en ve vua hong en ve vua
Luntawi phualngo hi’ng e
b)    Luntawi phualngo hing aw e
Ni nuai’ dot Lunmang hi’ng e
   
Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup a kum tamin cidam thei lo ahih manin thuneihna a tapa Pum Za Mang’ tungah suan nuam ahih manin W.R.HEAD, Deputy Commissioner,Chin Hills District kiangah ngetna a khia hi. Tuamah bangin kumpite’n phalna pia-in Pum Za Mang kum 32 a phak laitakin Ukpi zaa a len hi. A pa nung sawtpi zui khinsa ahih manin vaihawmna ah bangmah haksatna a nei kei hi. A pa mah bangin hehpihna nei-in a mite tungah a thudik a thuman mahmah hi.
    
Pum Za Mang in kum 7 sung ukpi a sep khit 19th January 1933 ni-in a pi Tel Ciin a teeksih hi. A pa Hau Cin Khup dah lua mahmah ahih manin a kapkhia zuaizuai tangial hi. June ni 1, 1933 ni-in Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in  Sial 52, lawi 10, bawng 11 le laa 2 tawh a pi kuasah a go hi. Thau nei tengin thau lawnin Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup le a tapa Ukpi Pum Za Mang in maakai-in taal ah zawngin  Sukte hanah a vui uh hi. Hih hunah Tonglawn, Manipur a om a pute zong Pum Za Kham’ makaih in pawlkhat a va kihel uh hi.
    
Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup’ sihzawh ciangin khua hausate in saliang tangseu a lakte uh beisak ding banah a siah kaihkhopte uh Ukpite  piak vek ding cih thu  Governor General in Council in December 10, 1934 ni-in Order a suah hi. Hausate in Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in  kumpite tungah a va gen hi ding hi, ci-in  muangmawh cinten uh ahih manin thu a bawl niloh uh hi. Hih thu tawh kisai-in May 12, 1937 ni-in Pum Za Mang , Lai-atpi Vung Za kham le Lam Lal Rangoon a va pha uh hi.  Governor General tawh sawtpi a kiho khit ciangun Governor General in ka thusuah sa pen bel kidok kik thei lo ahih ciangin hih a kiam na hangin Ukpite in kumsimin dangka Rs.2000/- ngah ding hi, a ci hi. Lugdamtakin inn hongciah toh lamun  sa beng uh a, Sangai khat a man uh hi. August 5, 1937 ni-in inn hong tung uh hi. Dangka 2000 le a sangai mat tungah Pawi lianpi khat khamin sial 75, bawng 50 le keel 100 go-in hausate, upate le mi poimawh tuamtuam a sam khawm hi. Ukpi zaa a luah nung pawi a kham a khatveina hi a, A pa Hau Cin Khup KSM;ATM,TDM,VD mualsuang,  Mangkam le Zokam a kigelh, a phut hi. Hih pawi sungah zu le sa nene-in nuamsa-in a lungkhamna uh le a haksatnate uh a mangngilh zo uh hi. Paunak khat in, ‘sakhi a pi san a no san’ a cih bangin Pum Za Mang pen laipil khat ahih manin a pu a pate mah bangin  vaihawm na siamin a mite tungah hehpihna  le thumanna a nei hi. 1936 kumin a vaihawm siam man leh kumpi tungah a thuman manin Governor-General in Council in ATM minphatna a pia uh hi. Ukpi a suah khit kum 15 a cin ni April 14, 1914 ni-in ngeina bangin Pum Za mang in TONG a, a zi le a tanu tapate tawh kimin sial 49 go-in hausate le upate mai-ah Chin Hills a thuneipen ahihna a lak hi.
        
Japan gal hong nai ahih manin Mikang kumpite in gal nan’na dingin Tedim road(Tedim Lamlianpi) Imphal panin Cikha, Buanli mualdung, Tuithang banah Tedim dong sial dingin a gel uh hi. Lamdawt pen dingin a ngaihsun uh hi. Ahi zongin Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in Cikha, Nakzang, Tonzang pan Tedim su dingin dingin a gen ciangin Tedim a SDO le Executive Engenner(EE)te in a thukimpih uh hi. Nasepna pen Ukpipa tungah vaipuak a ap uh hi. Mihing nasem ding Kam Hau gam pan 7000, Sukte gam pan 400 le Siyan gam panin 480 a kigawmin 7480 a kaikhawm hi. Nasep pen November 26, 1942 kumin a kipan hi. Ukpipa in nasep zawh hun ding EE tunga a kamciam bang teekteekin July 24, 1943 ni-in a zo uh hi.Tedim lamlianpi bawlna tungah Ukpipa Pum Za Mang a cihtakna le a nasep hoih  pahtakna le theihpihna- in  India Viceroy le Governor-General in KSM(Knight Service Medal) Civil mi tunga Award sangpen a pia hi. Hih KSM minphatna a aih ni-in Mikang Uliante, India Uliante, Chin Uliante, Hausate le upate a kongtual dimin a kikhawm uh hi. Tua ni pen mi khempeuh lungdamin ne-in dawnin a lamlam uh hi. Ukpipa in a kongtual a tuang tungah Mikang uliante a muh tak ciangin hih la a phuak hi:

a)    Pahtang cialdawh tam tungah e
             Meelmak phualngo lam bang e
b)     Ni bang el te’n na za nam aw
             Na sinlai a zuang nam aw e.
    
Japan gal(II world War) kipanin Japante’  Commissioner Lt. General Inada makaihin Kawlpi ah phual  hong sat to uh hi. Japante gup ding tawh kisai-in Chin Uliante le Galkap uliante kikumin thukimna a la uh hi. Ukpipa Pum Za Mang in Catholic Siampi Sya Tun Yin kamtai  sawlin hih thusun lite Japante kiangah a piasak hi:

1.    Japante in Myitkyina Batallion, Burma rifle sunga omChin galkapte le battalion khat peuh unga  a omte thunung thuma  om loin khah khiat ding.
2.    Japante in Chinte pasal hi-in numei naupang hitaleh zong thulian hang ahih kei buangleh bawlsiat loh ding.
3.    Gal  sunga misite, van siate leh inn siate  khempeuh Japante in zangnadopna a piak ding.
4.    Japante in Mikang kumpite khut sung panin India suahtakna a nghapih khit ciangin Chin   Hills zong suahtakna a piak ding cihte ahi hi.
Hih a tunga thute Japan Kumpi in zong thukimin Zomi thongkiate khempeuh tua khasung mahin a khahkhia pah uh hi. Zomi galkap Myitkyina battalion le Burma rifles sunga omte khempeuh thunung thuma om lo dingin  khahkhia a, Burma saklam le khanglam a om Japante huh dingin  le a innkuanpihte tawh kimu dingin a paisak uh hi.Panglong Coference a khatveina 1946 March kha-in Ukpi Pum Za mang zong a va kihel hi.

Ukpi Pum Za mang’ hun sunga thupiangte:
1.    Japan gal omin gamsung buai kipan hi.
2.    Tedim Lamlianpi kisial hi.

TONGLAWN(P) HAUSA PUMZAKHAM IN TONZANG INNPITE LA A PHUAH PAWLKHAT
              Innpipa Pum Za Mang in ,“Pu aw, kei la khat hong phuah dih in,” ci a, ama’n zong  Pum Za Mang pen naungek nawi ne laipi mah, a nu in a sihsan ahih manin dam zo ding a kingaihsun lo kim lai, cidamin  hong khangkhia a, a lungdamna thu la-in a phuah hi:

a) Tun ang nunkhum na luaih bansam
                Albang na mang ding sa’ng.
b) Tultuk suan bang hong meng nawn e
                Gual aw laambang pak ni.         
   
Ukpipa in , “Pu aw, innkong bang a i salu suanteng,  i  saiha teng leh i innteeng teng tawh la khat mah hong phuah lai dih in maw,” a cih teh ama’n hih la a phuah kik leuleu hi:

a) Hautawi na gual beel bang si’n na’n
               Sau khang ngomeii bang.
b) Zin’  khawi sangmang na lak tawh
               Lai na hen tawh son Mang kawlni suak bang.
          
Pum Za Kham in a galmat Tonzang Innpi a tutna tawh kisai-in a ni Tel Ciin’ pasal a gang Hau Pum 1876 kumin Hualngo gala a sihteh heh lua mahmah a, ni khat a gal benna lamah mi nih (sumbawl hih tuak) khualzin gammang a kikoko lai va manin a khibah leh a sum puak teng uh tawh galmatin Innpite va puak liitleet a, tua pen a gang’ phu a lakna leh a ni a hehnepna in  hih la a phuah hi:

a) Ka zua’ laizom theisen ninu
               Gultui lunmang in bia’ng.
b) Do vontawi leh bahkhi puan bang ka thuah
               Lun aw na tongnem nam aw.     

            Akhiatna: Ukpipa a u Hau Cin Khup vaihawm na siam a, tua in a minthangsak hi; thusia thupha a tunna a Ni a kohna hi.(Pi Tel Ciin pen January 19, 1933 kumin a si hi).

Laibu ettehte:
1. Hatzaw Beh Laibu – 1970 Edition
2. Vaphual Magazine Vol.II. 2004
3. Rev. Thuam Go Am, Guite& Zomi Tangthu, 2014
4. Col. Khen Za Moong, Tedim pan Zangkong, 1995
5. Dr. Tualchin Neihsial, Guite Kuala Lutna, 2008
6. ZOLUS Journal No.13,17,19 le ZOLUS No.19, 2016
7. T.Gin Than Thang & Paoneikhai Suantak, Tributary Hill Polity, 2015
8. Gulpi samnei a kaplum Tonglawn(P) hausa Pum Za Kham Hatzaw tangthu le A                      Late
9. Pu Sukzo’ ta Bawmkhai beh Suksak beh leh Pualte behte’ Tunga Thu Zaksakna.       Beh Thukan Committee, 2013

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Adobe Photoshop Basics Lesson 1d: Palettes

Adobe Photoshop Basics

Lesson 1d: Palettes

Let's continue our exploration of the Photoshop workspace. There are four main counterparts to the Photoshop workspace: the menu bar, the status bar, the toolbox, and the palettes. All that's left to cover now are the palettes. Since this is a general overview of the palettes, the materials here are useful for any version of Photoshop. You'll need to have an image open for this lesson, so go ahead and open one now.

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Adobe Photoshop Basics • Read This First! • Course Outline • Menu Bar • Status Bar • Toolbox • Palettes • Review

Interactive Classroom Visit the forum to post your questions and comments. -Get Help with Lesson 1

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The Navigator Palette grouped with the info and Options Palettes.

The Palettes

Notes for Version 6.0

In version 6, the options palettes is replaced with the options bar. The brushes palette has become part of the options bar, and three new palettes have been added: Styles, Character and Paragraph.

When you first open Photoshop, the palettes are stacked along the right edge of your screen in palette groups. The first group contains the Navigator, Info, and Options palettes. Next is the Color Swatches, and Brushes palettes. Below that are the History and Actions Palettes. Finally, you have the Layers, Channels, and Paths Palettes.

Palette groups can be moved around in the workspace by clicking on the title bar and dragging. Each palette group has a collapse and a close button in the title bar area. Try the collapse button for each of the palette groups now. You'll notice the button works as a toggle, clicking the button a second time after the palette is collapsed will expand the palette again. You may also notice that some palettes do not completely collapse. Try collapsing the color palettes and you'll see that the color ramp is still visible.

Color Palette Expanded

Color Palette Partially Collapsed Color Palette Completely Collapsed

For palettes that partially collapse, you can completely collapse them by holding down theAlt/Option key as you press the collapse button. You can also collapse a group by double clicking on any of the palette tabs. To display a collapsed palette, just click once on the palette tab if it's in the back of the group, or double click if it's in the front of the group.

Palettes can be resized either by holding your cursor over an edge and dragging when the cursor changes to a double pointing arrow, or by clicking and dragging on the right corner. Only the Color, Options, and Info palettes are not resizable.

Notes for Mac Users

I have received reports that the function keys to show/hide palettes do not work on the Mac. Mac users will need to access these commands from the Window menu.

When you click the close button on a palette group it closes all the palettes in the group. To display a palette that is not shown, you can either choose the command from the Window Menu, or display the palette using its keyboard shortcut. They are:

• Enter or Return = Show/Hide Options Palette (V5.x only)
• Double click tool button = Show/Hide Options Palette (V5.x only)
• F5 = Show/Hide Brushes Palette
• F6 = Show/Hide Color Palette
• F7 = Show/Hide Layers Palette
• F8 = Show/Hide Info Palette
• F9 = Show/Hide Actions Palette

And don't forget these which we learned in the last lesson:

• Tab = Show/Hide Toolbar and all Palettes
• Shift-Tab = Show/Hide all Palettes

To bring a grouped palette to the front of the group, click on the palette's tab. You can also ungroup and rearrange the palettes by clicking on a tab and dragging it outside of the group or to another group. Try it now by dragging the navigator palette out of it's default group. Then put it back by dragging it back onto the palette group.

Notes for Version 6.0

skip

In version 6, several palettes can be grouped in one large super-group. To do this, drag a palette to the bottom edge of another palette group. An outline will appear long the bottom edge and then you can let go. Now the two palettes will be attached, but not overlapping. You can attach several palettes this way to create one massive palette collection. Docking two palettes Two palettes that have been docked Also in Photoshop 6.0, you have a palette well in the options bar. You can drag palettes to this area and they will remain there hidden until you click on the palette tab to reveal it. (If you cannot see the palette well of the options bar, you will need to adjust your screen resolution to at least 1024x768 pixels.)

Another common feature of all the palettes is the palette menu. Notice the small arrow in the upper right corner of each palette. If you recall from our lessons on the menu and status bar, this indicates a pop-out menu. Whenever you see me refer to a palette menu throughout these lessons, you'll know I mean this menu for whichever palette is being discussed. Take a look at the palette menu for each of the palettes now. Notice that each individual palette has a unique menu.

Practice showing, hiding and moving the various palettes, click on the palette tabs to familiarize yourself with each palette, and take a look at each of the palette menus while you're at it.

Notes for Version 6.0

In Photoshop 6, the commands to reset and save palette locations have moved. Reset Palette Locations is under the Window menu. Preferences is under the Edit menu.

If you'd like to return the palettes to the default locations after you finish experimenting, go to File > Preferences > General and click the button to reset Palette Locations. If you always want to start Photoshop with you palettes this way, uncheck the box "Save Palette Locations" box while you are there. If you work with many large images you may prefer to keep your palettes collapsed along the bottom edge of the Photoshop workspace to give you the maximum space for documents. We'll take a closer look at each of the individual palettes in future lessons.